Abstract More than 100 years ago, Robert Millikan demonstrated the quantization of electron using charged, falling droplets, but statistical analysis on many droplets did not allow a direct visualization charge. Instead letting fall, we have used optical levitation to create single droplet version Millikan’s experiment where effects removal can be observed by naked eye and measured with ruler. ...

Cell size is under genetic control, and size at division may be mutationally changed so that cells divide at a larger or smaller size without any alteration in the generation time. 1 Larger and smaller cells thus double their size during the same time period, illustrating that larger cells grow faster than smaller cells. However, the increase of cellular growth rate with cell size in certain ge...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to develop a new device that provides a simple, noninvasive method of measuring accurate lesion size while using an endoscope. METHODS We developed a rigid laryngoscope with a built-in laser-ruler using a one-light emitting diode and an acrylic plate. The invention incorporates a built-in laser diode that projects an auto-parallel beam into the optic...

Fluid flow in the mold region of the continuous casting process is responsible for surface defects, slag entrainment, and other steel quality problems. Thus, it is very important to choose nozzle geometries and operating conditions that produce flow patterns within an operating window that avoids these problems. Operating conditions which control mold flow problems include the mold cross sectio...

The Radio Shack VOM is an analog multimeter which can be used to measure voltage, current, and resistance. Determining the uncertainty of its measured values is simple enough — regardless of which function the meter is set for, the uncertainty of the measured value is based on the uncertainty in the needle position, which is reported by the manufacturer to be 3% of full deflection (except for A...

The ratio between 2nd (index) and 4th (ring) finger lengths (2D:4D) has been proposed to be negatively correlated to prenatal testosterone exposure in humans (Manning, 2002). Evidence for this phenomenon has come from findings of differences between males and females, masculinized 2D:4D in individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (a condition which produces elevated prenatal testosterone...

The five contributions of this volume are a selection of the papers presented at the panel Meet the New Gods, Same as the Old Gods? Formulary, Ritual, and Status in Hellenistic Ruler Cult, hosted by the 8th Celtic Conference in Classics, Edinburgh, June 25-28, 2014. The call for papers had a dual purpose, which I could figuratively resume as «zooming in» on the fine-grained linguistic and pragm...

Both the oxygen diffusion rate and the oxygen solubility vary with depth into the interior of biological membranes. The product of these two gradients generates a single gradient, a permeability gradient, which is a smooth continuous function of the distance from the center of the membrane. Using electron paramagnetic resonance and the spin-probe method, the relaxation gradient of oxygen, which...

1. CONSTRUCTIONS IN GEOMETRY. The study of methods that accomplish trisections is vast and extends back in time approximately 2300 years. My own favorite method of trisection from the Ancients is due to Archimedes, who performed a “neusis” between a circle and line. Basically a neusis (or use of a marked ruler) allows the marking of points on constructed objects of unit distance apart using a r...

CONTEXT Patients in tertiary care hospitals are more complex than in the past, but the implications of this are poorly understood as "patient complexity" has been difficult to quantify. OBJECTIVE We developed a tool, the Complexity Ruler, to quantify the amount of data (as bits) in the patient’s medical record. We designated the amount of data in the medical record as the cognitive complexity...