The distribution of outliers is used as a tool for finding the extreme value distribution of meteorological parameters and to provide return values for large return periods from short records. Its potential is demonstrated for five cases. For extreme winds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) the method shows that appropriately transformed annual maximum wind speeds can be described by a Gumbel dist...

Ten symptomless smokers were switched from their usual cigarette to a low tar, low nicotine test cigarette for two weeks to investigate their immediate response and subsequent acclimatisation to the test cigarette. The tar (T) and nicotine (N) yields of the test cigarettes were T = 3.8 mg, N = 0.6 mg; the median yields of the usual cigarettes were T = 16.4 mg, N = 1.4 mg. The subjects were moni...

Determination of Critical Channel Using Combination ASSA and GIS Models in Different Return Periods (Case Study: Mashhad Municipality9 District)

This paper examines the presence of herd formation in equity markets by defining a new measure for equity return dispersion. We build on Christie and Huang (1995) results and analyze security returns for the same time period using a modified version of their dispersion measure. Our results contradict with theirs. We find evidence to herding by market participants during periods of unusually lar...

Gutenberg and Richter showed that magnitude-recurrence relationship may be represented by a linear relationship when the log of annual rate of exceedance was plotted against magnitude. This type of recurrence model has been in use because of its simplicity and because it fits the data reasonably well over a useful range of magnitudes of engineering interest. A quadratic log frequency relationsh...

This study, using wavelet-based method investigates the dynamics of long memory in the returns and volatility of equity markets. In the sample of five developed and five emerging markets we find that the daily return series from January 1988 to June 2013 may be considered as a mix of weak long memory and mean-reverting processes. In the case of volatility in the returns, there is evidence of lo...

Downscaled and hydrologically modeled projections from an ensemble of 16 Global Climate Models suggest that flooding may become more intense on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains, the primary source for California’s managed water system. By the end of the 21st century, all 16 climate projections for the high greenhouse-gas emission SRES A2 scenario yield larger floods with return...

Prior studies have shown that the IT innovation capability, a company's ability to innovate systematically with IT, is not easily replicated (persistent), and the persistence tends to be more pronounced during periods when economy-wide IT budgets are declining (hard IT budgets), such the post-Y2K period. Building on resource based view we argue that companies that systematically innovate with I...