Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) methods prioritize the alternatives of comparative projects quite accurately. Problems arise when there is a need to determine the utility degrees and market values of the project alternatives. This becomes especially important for establishing the market value of real estate property in tender offers. However, the available MADM methods cannot accomplish ...

This paper focuses on transportation network protection to hedge against extreme events such as earthquakes. Traditional two-stage stochastic programming has been widely adopted to obtain solutions under a risk-neutral preference through the use of expectations in the recourse function. In reality, decision makers hold different risk preferences. We develop a mean-risk two-stage stochastic prog...

This paper proposes a probabilistic formulation to assess the effectiveness of the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofit schemes in enhancing the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns. Two probabilistic models are proposed to predict the deformation capacities of retrofitted columns. One deformation model corresponds to the flexural failure and the other considers ...

Abstract The aim of this research is to quantify the impact heating set point on space energy demand for a typical UK dwelling. Retrofit includes fabric efficiency improvements. Energy performance certificates (EPCs) inform householder savings per measure, but has previously been found inaccurately estimate demand, leading errors in 'typical savings' presented householders. most sensitive input...

One way to restore or increase the strength of structure against earthquakes is use retrofit method and wire mesh a material that has high prospects as material. The purpose this study was examine on reinforced concrete columns burdened with cyclic loads. In study, testing 3 square column samples dimensions 300 mm. first specimen fully entire cross-section column, second retrofitted plastic hin...