A method has been developed for the conversion of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, and phenol, into the corresponding esters at room temperature. The method uses a titanium(III) species generated from a substoichiometric amount of titanocene dichloride together with manganese(0) as a reductant, as well as methylene diiodide. It involves a transesterification from an ethyl ester, or a ...

A simplified procedure utilizing ferrous ammonium sulfate-thiourea as the reductant for the determination of inorganic phosphate in serum and urine by the AutoAnalyzer is described. Elimination of the heating bath usually required for many phosphorus methods for color development yields an improved S.D. of ± 0.25 and facilitates troubleshooting during any apparatus malfunction. Comparison of re...

Rhodium porphyrin catalyzed hydrogenation of the aliphatic carbon-carbon σ-bond of [2.2]paracyclophane with water has been examined with a variety of tetraarylporphyrins and axial ligands. Mechanistic investigations show that RhIII(ttp)H, which can be derived from the reaction of [RhII(ttp)]2 with water without a sacrificial reductant, plays an important role in promoting bimetallic reductive e...

Photogalvanic effect was studied in photogalvanic cells containing Rose Bengal as dyes and Mannitol as reductants. The photogalvanic cells were determined by the photo potential, photocurrent, conversion efficiency, power of cell and performance of cell. The effects of various parameters like pH, light intensity, diffusion length, reductant concentration and dye concentration on the electrical ...

A one-pot two-step reaction (Knoevenagel condensation - reduction of the double bond) has been developed using calcium hydride as a reductant in the presence of a supported noble metal catalyst. The reaction between carbonyl compounds and active methylene compounds such as methylcyanoacetate, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, dimedone and the more challenging dimethylmalonate, affords the correspond...

A conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated thioesters catalyzed by copper hydride using PMHS as stoichiometric reductant has been developed. 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (BDP) was the most effective ligand for this reduction. Saturated thioesters could be produced in excellent yields when the substituent on the thiol is not sterically-demanding. This protocol was applied to induce the reduct...

In this research, two different hydrometallurgical processes were introduced for recycling the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from spent LIBs. The cathode materials leached by malonic acid (MOA), as a leaching agent, and ascorbic (AA), reducing in first process, l-Glutamic (l-Glu), AA, second process. results tests showed that, with similar solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio 10 g/L recovery ...

NaBH4 (1.25 equivalents) & NaNO3 (3 equivalents) reduce a variety of aldehydes in the presence of ketones to their corresponding alcohols. Also, regioselectivity and exclusive 1,2reduction enals to their corresponding allylic alcohols in high to excellent yields was achieved successfully with this reducing system. The reduction reactions were carried out in water as green solvent in high to exc...

The first uranium(III) charge separated ketyl radical complex, Tp*2U(OC·Ph2), has been isolated and characterized by infrared, (1)H NMR, and electronic absorption spectroscopies, along with X-ray crystallography. Tp*2U(OC·Ph2) is a potent two-electron reductant towards N3Mes (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) and (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO), with reducing equivalents derived fro...

An operationally simple and environmentally benign formal hydrogenation protocol has been developed using highly abundant iron(iii) salts and an inexpensive, bench stable, stoichiometric reductant, NaBH4, in ethanol, under ambient conditions. This reaction has been applied to the reduction of terminal alkenes (22 examples, up to 95% yield) and nitro-groups (26 examples, up to 95% yield). Deuter...