A mass problem is a set of Turing oracles. If P and Q are mass problems, we say that P is weakly reducible to Q if every member of Q Turing computes a member of P . We say that P is strongly reducible to Q if every member of Q Turing computes a member of P via a fixed Turing functional. The weak degrees and strong degrees are the equivalence classes of mass problems under weak and strong reduci...

BACKGROUND Postweaning is a critical developmental stage during which the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) undergoes major changes and the brain is vulnerable to the effects of stress. Surprisingly, the engagement of the mPFC in extinction of fear was reported to be identical in postweanling (PW) and adult animals. Here, we examined whether the effect of stress on extinction and mPFC plasticity ...

PURPOSE Sugarcane juice (ScJ) is a natural drink popular in most tropical Asian regions. However, research on its effect in enhancing sports performance is limited. The present investigation was to study the effect of sugarcane juice on exercise metabolism and sport performance of athletes in comparison to a commercially available sports drinks. METHODS Fifteen male athletes (18-25 yrs) were ...

A total of 275 steer calves from 17 farms in Tennessee were used to study the influence of pretransit management and posttransit B vitamin supplementation on calf performance and health. Pretransit treatments were : (1) weaned the day of sale and fed hay at the order buyer barn (Control C), (2) weaned the day of sale and fed a 50% concentrate, high antibiotic diet in an order buyer barn for 3 d...

Aims The aims of this study include (i) pursuing data-mining experiments on the Angiotensin II-Antagonist in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (ANTIPAF-AFNET 2) trial dataset containing atrial fibrillation (AF) burden scores of patients with many clinical parameters and (ii) revealing possible correlations between the estimated risk factors of AF and other clinical findings or measurements provide...

PURPOSE To determine whether perfusion abnormalities are depicted on arterial spin-labeling (ASL) images obtained in patients with normal bolus perfusion-weighted (PW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and written informed patient consent were obtained. This study was HIPAA compliant. Consecutive patients suspected or known to ...

This study was conducted in order to describe the type of anemia and risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in Pattani Province, Thailand. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to October 1997 in five randomly selected districts, choosing villages in the catchment area of a random sample of 30 out of 57 health centers (HC). All resident eligible pregnant women (PW) at 32-40 weeks o...

BACKGROUND Glycerol is an abundant by-product of biodiesel production and has several advantages as a substrate in biotechnological applications. Unfortunately, the popular production host Saccharomyces cerevisiae can barely metabolize glycerol by nature. RESULTS In this study, two evolved derivatives of the strain CEN.PK113-1A were created that were able to grow in synthetic glycerol medium ...

BACKGROUND The ability of the third-generation FloTrac/Vigileo software to track changes in cardiac index (CI) induced by volume expansion and norepinephrine in critically ill patients is unknown. METHODS In subjects with circulatory failure, we administered volume expansion (20 subjects) and increased (20 subjects) or decreased (20 subjects) the dose of norepinephrine. We measured arterial p...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of power walking (PW) training on a treadmill in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to compare the cardiovascular effects of PW with usual walking (UW). METHOD Patients were recruited as participants in phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program after receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to acute coronary syndrome from our hospital. ...