For many product and applications, the penetration of preservatives or modification substances into wood species should be deep homogeneous. Caucasian spruce European larch are resistant to impregnation. This study compared how different incising pre-processes increased retention impregnation materials depth their structures these refractory species. Mechanical, biological, laser pretreatments ...

Wheat straw is a sufficient agricultural by-product with a low market price. The biofuel produced from lignocellulosic material exhibits energetic, economic and environmental benefits in contrast to bio-ethanol from starch or sugar. Until now, physical and chemical difficulty caused by the close connection of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass, discourage the hydrolysis of cellulose...

The excessive emission of NO is endangering the ecological environment and health humans. In-depth research on reduction mechanisms crucial to regulating emissions. In this research, influence sodium heterogeneous reaction by semichar derived from O 2 /CO pretreatments were investigated through experimental density functional theory (DFT) method. According results atomic dipole corrected Hirshf...

In this work, we studied the structural features of La1.9Ca0.1NiO4.11, which is considered a promising cathode material for intermediate temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). The effect different pretreatments on characteristics sample was using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in order to elucidate origin peculiar change lattice param...