When I was asked to act as editor for this Special Issue on plant–plant interactions, jumped at the opportunity. It seemed like a “coming-of-age” young field that has gradually coalesced from range of distinct areas and an opportunity make statement about importance interactions ecologically, agriculturally beyond. Looking back, did not realise actually jumping “into deep end,” without having l...

The ability of plants to fulfill nutritional needs by parasitizing neighboring plants has originated several times in angiosperm evolution. Molecular tools are now being exploited to investigate the evolutionary origins of plant parasitism and to dissect the genetic mechanisms governing parasitic plant-host plant interactions. Investigating the nature of signal exchanges between parasitic plant...

Abstract Earthquake is one of the horrible natural disasters. With considerable developments in constructional science, experts have been able to find out factor forces that cause earthquakes damage and destructions different types buildings, including residential commercial caused by earthquake are high importance need be considered. The multi-story buildings usually weak points building, whic...

The density of the domestic building stock London is explored, moving from scale individual house and blocks flats, through larger geographical units, to complete boroughs. description highly detailed made using 3DStock method, which derives geometry digital maps LiDAR (laser measurements overflying aircraft). This means that accurate estimates floor areas can be used measure densities as Floor...

Developments in the field of Structure and Earthquake Engineering and also consequences of earthquakes have been led to develop some continually changes and improvement of seismic regulations around the world. In regards to seismicity of Iran, it is necessary and also possible to review and edit the Seismic Regulations of Iran and compare it with the other countries; so it seems that a comparat...