A South African isolate of ovine lentivirus was shown to cause a mild immunosuppression in sheep, reflected by a reduced delayed hypersensitivity reaction. This effect, measured in terms of skin swelling after intradermal inoculation with tuberculin, showed a positive linear relationship with the latency period before the appearance of jaagsiekte symptoms in animals co-infected with JSRV, as we...

Mastitis is considered one of the most important diseases of domestic animals, caused by several etiologic agents. Transmission of the microorganisms primarily occurs by ascendant via in canal of teats, usually involving agents from animals and environmental origin and from milking process (Anderson et al., 2005). Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as the most common causal agent of goat masti...

Pasteurella haemolytica is the principal bacterial pathogen in the bovine respiratory disease complex. This organism produces an exotoxin (referred to as leukotoxin) during logarithmic-phase growth that is a potent leukocyte-modulating agent. At low concentrations, it activates neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes to release inflammatory mediators, while at the same time making these cells de...

The degree to which the selectin inhibitor TBC1269 reduces neutrophil infiltration in specific microscopic locations of the lung during acute pneumonia of neonates was determined. Neonatal calves were inoculated intrabronchially with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica or saline, and lung tissue was collected at 2 and 6 hours postinoculation (PI). One 6-hour group inoculated with M. haemolytic...

Genetic diversity and relationships among 194 Pasteurella haemolytica isolates, which were recovered predominantly from cattle (39%) and sheep (58%) suffering from pneumonic pasteurellosis in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, were estimated by examination of allelic variation at 18 enzyme-encoding loci detected by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. The isolates formed two majo...

Clinafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone that was originally developed and subsequently abandoned in the late 1990s as a human health antibiotic for respiratory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of clinafloxacin as a possible treatment for respiratory disease in cattle and pigs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using Clinic...

The clinical efficacy of doxycycline (Doxycen, Cenavisa, Spain), a long-acting preparation, was evaluated for treatment of Pasteurella haemolytica infection in 6 goats. One goat was not infected and served as a control. The disease was induced by intratracheal inoculation of 10(7) to 10(9) cfu of P. haemolytica. Confirmation of respiratory disease was based on evidence of appropriate clinical s...

An appreciable level of immunity from intraperitoneal infection with Pasteurella haemolytica was established in mice by using a vaccine prepared in a conventional bacteriological culture medium, with aluminium hydroxide gel as adjuvant. The level of immunity could not be elevated by using bacteria grown in tissue culture media, enriched brain heart infusion broth, the addition of serum to the m...

Soluble mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may be important in the pathogenesis of many chronic pulmonary infections. We examined the ability of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Pasteurella haemolytica, and ovine lentiviruses (OvLV) to induce TNF-alpha secretion by pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM). Bronchoalveolar lavage cells, composed of greater than 90% PAM, wer...