The left ventricular papillary muscles appear to be the last portions of the heart to be perfused by coronary arterial blood. As a consequence they are sensitive anatomic markers of myocardial ischemia. Foci of necrosis or fibrosis therefore are commonly seen in these structures, particularly the posteromedial papillary muscle, which has a poorer blood supply than does the anterolateral muscle....

During ischemia, lidocaine or quinidine may prevent arrhythmias by blocking conduction without suppressing abnormal automaticity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lidocaine or quinidine (5 Mg/ml) produced Purkinje fiber-papillary muscle block during superfusion in vitro with an altered Tyrode's solution containing some components of ischemia: 6 mM potassium, Po2 < 40, pH = 6.8...

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines intracholecystic papillary neoplasms (ICPNs) as gallbladder lesions of intraductal the bile duct (IPNB). We present a case ICPN that was incidentally diagnosed following cholecystectomy for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Abdominal ultrasonography computed tomography showed thickening wall cholelithiasis but were not specific tumor. Histopathologica...

due to the importance of clinically significant macular edema in diabetic patients, this study is aimed to determine if laser photocoagulation is effective in the treatment of clinically significant diabetic macular edema. in addition, the effects of risk factors arc surveyed* this is an existing data study considering patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema, treated with ar...

Alias Renal papillary adenoma Tubulo-papillary adenoma Note The concept of renal papillary adenoma is a controversial one, and has evolved over the past 3 decades. The term has historically been used to refer to small proliferations of papillary or tubulo-papillary epithelium in the renal cortex which theoretically have no metastatic potential. The size criterion in this definition is somewhat ...

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a rare benign vascular lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, characterized by a reactive proliferation of endothelial cells that can present de novo in normal blood vessels (primary intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia), but it can also develop from a pre-existing vascular process (type II intravascular papillary endothelial h...

objective: crocin, as an active constituent of saffron, has many biological functions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of crocin and chlorpheniramine on local edema induced by histamine. materials and methods: local edema was induced by subcutaneous injection of histamine (100 μl, 0.1%) in ventral surface of right hin...

objective(s): preclinical studies show that iron plays a key role in mediating neuronal injury. this study was performedin order to identify the relationship between the serum level of ferritin and severity of the brain injury which occur after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ich). materials and methods:this was a cross sectional descriptive – analytic study, which was conducted on those patients ...

a 34 day-old girl infant was admitted for poor feeding and cholestasis. she had a bulging fontanelle, with no evidence of intracranial infection or hemorrhage. investigations demonstrated that she had galactosemia. computed tomographic scans demonstrated the presence of diffuse cerebral edema. after treatment the edema resolved.