A program is usually represented as a word chain. It is exactly a word chain that appears as the lexical analyzer output and is parsed. The work shows that a program can be syntactically represented as an oriented word tree, that is a syntactic program tree, program words being located both in tree nodes and on tree arrows. The basic property of a tree is that arrows starting from each node are...

This study endeavors to evaluate the effects of farmers’ training program on the adoption of improved farming practices, the output of rice farming, and the income as well as the profit from rice farming by employing an ex-post non-experimental data in Sierra Leone. It was established that participating in farmers’ training program increased the possibility of adoption of the improved farming a...

Traceless Genetic Programming (TGP) is a Genetic Programming (GP) variant that is used in the cases where the focus is rather the output of the program than the program itself. The main difference between TGP and other GP techniques is that TGP does not explicitly store the evolved computer programs. Two genetic operators are used in conjunction with TGP: crossover and insertion. In this paper ...

Objective: To develop a training program with intervals of continuous quality control assessments for the evaluation of strict sperm morphology. Output...

Environmental policies with output-based refunding of the revenues effectively combine a tax on emissions with a subsidy to output. Three similar forms exist: tradable performance standards, an emissions tax with rebates, and tradable permits with output-based allocation. Two arguments for including an output subsidy are imperfect competition, in which an environmental regulation alone could ex...

This paper introduces the bisection debugging model. The key idea is to use a debugger to identify the semantic differences between two versions of the same program. The debugger leads the user (programmer) to the region of the source code that is different between the versions and effects erroneous behavior. To implement bisection debugging, a debugger must insert checkpoints around regions of...

With the increase of communication between computers, we need techniques for (i) communication to be handled automatically or implicitly, and (ii) flexible programs capable of handling data from different kinds of correspondents with no reprogramming. The traditional approach of handling input/output, files, inter program communication and man machine interfaces by specific statements in progra...

This paper describes design of a program analysis based tool, namely Pramod, for model checking. Input to the tool Pramod is a java program containing the specification of the model. Output from Pramod is the results of checking the model specified.

UNLABELLED The program varsplic.pl uses information present in the SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL databases to create new records for alternatively spliced isoforms. These new records can be used in similarity searches. AVAILABILITY The program is available at ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/software/swissprot/, together with regularly updated output files. CONTACT [email protected]

The HERA-B application software modules are house by the frame program Arte. To use Arte in the online environment of the farm, input and output streams have to be buffered and interfaced. This note describes a concept for implementation of the frame program Arte and the I/O modules in the multi-process environment of the farm.