Platforming has become an important means of cost-sharing among industrial products. However, many firms face systemic downward pressure on commonality, with the result that many platforms realize less commonality than intended. Past research has hypothesized that divergence is the result of conflicting tensions between product customization / optimization and cost control. This article investi...

Abstract Two intermediary-based factors—a corporate bond dealer inventory measure and a broad intermediary distress measure—explain more than 40$\%$ of the puzzling common variation in credit spread changes beyond canonical structural factors. A simple model with partial market segmentation accounts for factors’ explanatory power delivers three further implications empirical support. First, whe...

Recent events have inspired me to put on record the thoughts I regarding civil engineering education. It revolves around observations made for past two decades and how education in Malaysia might need a new perspective framework. The keyword framework is commonality. In System Process, commonality can be defined as "the common elements of process that facilitate definition family processes thro...