Neurons display genomic fragility and show fragmented DNA in pathological degeneration. A failure to repair DNA breaks may result in cell death or apoptosis. Lithium protects retinal neurocytes following nutrient deprivation or partial nerve crush, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that pretreatment with lithium protects retinal neurocytes from ischemia-ind...

Recent evidence indicates that microglial activation and hippocampal damage may play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam has been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in China and Korea. In this study, the mechanism responsible for the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory eff...

Adequate control of phosphate levels remains an important issue in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Lanthanum carbonate has been proposed as a new phosphate binder. Previous studies have shown a high phosphate binding capacity (>97%) and low gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum, without serious toxic side effects in the presence of a normal renal function (NRF). Because of lanthan...

To the Editor: Alcohol induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation is known to cause liver injury. An increase in reactive oxidative species (ROS) from alcohol consumption leads to oxidative stress [1]. This can activate the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α which promote liver injury. Both IL-6 and TNF-α are activated and transcribed by the inflammatory molecule, NFκB [2]. We read t...

Abstract Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an experimental model of human allergic contact dermatitis, one the representative skin diseases, where NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role. Although regulation activity by cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, role CB1R CHS unclear. Here, we investigate putative using selective anta...

We tested the agreement between classifications of the weight status of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) by body mass index (BMI) and by body fat (BF) content (BF/W, where W = actual weight), when BF was computed as BF = W - V/0.73 from the Sahlgrenska, Watson, or Hume anthropometric formulas estimating body water (V) in 933 patients on PD and 7,737 outpatients without hydration disorders. ...

BACKGROUND Lanthanum carbonate (FOSRENOL(®), Shire Pharmaceuticals) is an effective non-calcium, non-resin phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we used a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) to examine the long-term effects of controlling serum phosphorus with lanthanum carbonate treatment on the biochemical a...

INTRODUCTION Acrolein (2-propenal) is a reactive α, β-unsaturated aldehyde which causes a health hazard to humans. The present study focused on determining the protection offered by sulforaphane against acrolein-induced damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Acrolein-induced oxidative stress was determined through evaluating the levels of reactive oxygen spe...

Haemophilus influenzae encounters niches within the human host that are predicted to differ in availability of oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (RNS: nitrite and nitric oxide), which influence the environmental redox state. Previously reported data has indicated that an altered redox condition could serve as a signal recognized by H. influenzae to optimize its survival within host microenvi...

MICROBIOLOGY Correction for “Effects of lymphocyte profile on development of EBV-induced lymphoma subtypes in humanized mice,” by Eun Kyung Lee, Eun Hye Joo, Kyung-A Song, Bongkum Choi, Miyoung Kim, Seok-Hyung Kim, Sung Joo Kim, and Myung-Soo Kang, which appeared in issue 42, October 20, 2015, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (112:13081–13086; first published October 5, 2015; 10.1073/ pnas.1407075112)...