BACKGROUND To address those patients who do not meet anatomical criteria for nipple-sparing mastectomy, the authors use a staged approach: (1) mastopexy or breast reduction, (2) nipple-sparing mastectomy through the mastopexy incisions after a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks, and (3) the final reconstruction. METHODS Fifteen patients underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy at Georgetown University Hospit...

This article identifies problems and conditions that contribute to nipple pain during lactation and that may lead to early cessation or noninitiation of breastfeeding. Signs and symptoms of poor latch-on and positioning, oral anomalies, and suckling disorders are reviewed. Diagnosis and treatment of infectious agents that may cause nipple pain are presented. Comfort measures for sore nipples an...

MD also helps to spare unnecessary surgery. In patients with nipple discharge, duct excision can be avoided in those with a normal ductoscopy. Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is cosmetically superior to traditional mastectomy but there are concerns about the oncological safety with nipple-areola preservation. MD can be employed to exclude major duct involvement and this may help to select patie...

BACKGROUND Although various techniques of nipple reduction have been described in the literature, many are difficult to design or have unreliable outcomes. For men, as well as women who do not plan to breastfeed, it is not necessary to apply a complicated technique that protects the lactiferous ducts. OBJECTIVES The authors introduce a simple technique for nipple reduction that has achieved c...

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with nipple trauma in women breastfeeding exclusively in a maternity unit. METHODS This was a case-control study that recruited 146 recently-delivered mothers in rooming-in wards: 73 cases, defined as women with nipple trauma, and 73 controls, defined as women free from this pathology. Women breastfeeding exclusively were tested daily for a diagnosis o...

The unfertilized mouse egg has a round and highly villated main body and a "nipple" that is unvillated and buds off on fertilization to form the second polar body. Fluorescent markers stain the body more intensely than the nipple, which has been assumed to result from surface amplification due to microvilli. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and microfluorescence photometry, we h...

Optimizing cosmesis is a common goal of breast surgery. In support of immediate breast reconstruction, nipple-sparing techniques have evolved. There is still a lack of agreement on the optimal technique and skin flap necrosis can be problematic. In this study, we review our experience with 340 NSM. Between March 2006 and February 2011, 340 NSMs were performed. Mammography, ultrasonography and m...

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) regulates a wide variety of developmental processes. Keratin 14 (K14) promoter-mediated overexpression of PTHrP in the epidermis during development converts the entire murine ventral skin to hairless nipple-like skin. In this report, we characterize the morphology and processes that influence the development of nipple connective tissue. The connective...

BACKGROUND Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has gained popularity for breast cancer treatment and prevention. There are limited data about long-term oncologic safety of this procedure. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed oncologic outcomes of consecutive therapeutic NSM at a single institution. Nipple-sparing mastectomy was offered to patients with no radiologic or clinical evidence of nipple involvement...