Understanding drivers of population fluctuation, especially for agricultural pests, is central to the provision of agro-ecosystem services. Here, we examine the role of endogenous density dependence and exogenous factors of climate and human activity in regulating the 37-year population dynamics of an important agricultural insect pest, the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), in North China...

Voltage-gated Na channels of cerebellar Purkinje neurons express an endogenous open-channel blocking protein. This blocker binds channels at positive potentials and unbinds at negative potentials, generating a resurgent Na current and permitting rapid firing. The macroscopic voltage dependence of resurgent current raises the question of whether the blocker directly senses membrane potential or ...

ôbjective: ço-morbidity of personality disorders with illicit drug abuse has a deleterious effect on the management outcome of both conditions. this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of different personality disorders among substance dependent patients in an ïranian city (ïsfahan) with a view to have a better understanding of various management strategies. methods: â total of 368 dif...

conclusions zolpidem dependency and withdrawal seizure can occur with a dosage under last reported doses. therefore, possibility of mentioned problems cannot be excluded at any dosage and physicians should pay more attention to potential of zolpidem to create these adverse effects. introduction zolpidem is a short acting inducer of sleep and thought to lack benzodiazepine properties such as anx...

A dependence cluster is a maximal set of program components that all depend upon one another. For small programs, programmers as well as static-analysis tools can overcome the negative effects of large dependence clusters. However, this ability diminished as program size increases. Thus, the existence of large dependence clusters presents a serious challenge to the scalability of modern softwar...

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) has been used widely in various psychiatric disorders like depression and schizophrenia. there have been some reports of its usefulness in alcohol dependence and substance use disorders. the present paper reviews the studies done using rtms in substance use disorders including alcohol and nicotine dependence. various studies done have been rev...

Background: Many psychiatric patients have nicotine and other substance dependence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of nicotine and opium dependence among psychiatric in-patients inKerman, a city in southwesternIran. Methods: Three groups of psychiatric inpatients, chronic medical patients and a sample from local population, each including 400 subjects were selected.  Nicotine dependence...

conclusions the significant difference between groups 1 and 3 permits to establish a correlation between degree of nicotine addiction and hearing loss. however, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms leading to hearing loss. patients and methods the study recruited smokers (100) and non-smokers as a reference group (100) aged 21 to 50 years living in noisy or quiet areas of beiru...

a recent study indicates that the incidence of smoking cessation varies with age. although nicotine dependence (nd) has been regarded as one of the most significant barriers of successful smoking cessation, few researches have focused on the relationship between nicotine dependence and age.a cross-sectional study (conducted in 2013) with 596 chinese rural male current smokers was performed to s...

objectives: dependence and tolerance are major restricting factors in the clinical use of opioid analgesics. in the present study, the effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of nigella sativa seeds, on morphine dependence and tolerance were investigated in mice. materials and methods: male adult nmri mice were made tolerant and dependent by repeated injections of morphine (50, 50, and 7...