polyanionic cellulose polymer is used as an additive in drilling mud in order to decrease water loss and mudcake- thickness. in this study effect of bulk and nanosize polyanionic cellulose on water loss and mud-cakethickness in mud drilling is investigated. polyanionic cellulose nanoparticles are made by using of ball milling. size of nanoparticles is measured by particle size analyzer. polyani...

Numerous studies on marine prokaryotic communities have postulated that a process of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled with sulfate reduction (SR) is the main methane sink in the world's oceans. AOM has also been reported in the deep biosphere. But the responses of the primary microbial players in eliciting changes in geochemical environments, specifically in methane and sulfate supp...

Reduction of seismic velocities has been employed to study the hydration incoming plates and forearc mantle in recent years. However, few constraints have obtained Southern Mariana Trench. We use an ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) deployment conduct Rayleigh wave tomographic studies derive SV-wave velocity structure near Measured group phase as a function period are inverted determine using Baye...

Article history: Received 2 February 2006 Received in revised form 8 May 2006 Accepted 20 May 2006 The exact area calculation of irregularly distributed data is in the focus of all territorial geochemical balancingmethods or definition of protection zones. Especially in the deep-sea environment the interpolation ofmeasurements into surfaces represents an important gain of information, because o...

Abstract The Nirano Salse , known since the Roman Times, are one of most beautiful and scenic mud volcanoes areas Italy with thousands visitors every year. In this work, we apply novel (for context) hydrogeological techniques to characterize levels in by means GPS-RTK positioning continuous level logging within conduits. This is important quantify gas–liquid ratio conduits evaluate potential fo...

There are ~750 active and potentially active volcanoes in Southeast Asia. Ash from eruptions of volcanic explosivity index 3 (VEI 3) and smaller pose mostly local hazards while eruptions of VEI ≥ 4 could disrupt trade, travel, and daily life in large parts of the region. We classify Southeast Asian volcanoes into five groups, using their morphology and, where known, their eruptive history and d...