Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in all societies including Iran. One of its important complications is the neuropathic pain, which can be relieved by opioid drugs such as morphine. Opioid therapy is restricted due to development of tolerance and physical or mental dependence. In this study, the effect of diabetes on morphine analgesia and development of morphine tolerance and depend...

Objective: To evaluate the antiinflammatory effects of Morphine and Gabapentin alone and as adjuvant with diclofenac by using formalin induced paw edema model. Methods: After acclimatization of one week, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: control and treatment (n=6). Treatment group received diclofenac (10 mg/kg), gabapentin (150 mg/kg), morphine (15 mg/kg), gabapentin (150...

Introduction: Topiramate is an anti-convulsant drug, which produces its effects via glutamate metabotropic receptors inhibition and/or GABA receptor excitation. In the present study, attempts were made to investigate the effects of topiramate on the tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia activity in male NMRI mice (20-30 g). Methods: Hot plate method was chosen for the study. First of all t...

Ingestion of placenta has previously been shown to enhance opiate-mediated analgesia (measured as tail-flick latency) induced either by morphine injection or by footshock. The present study was designed to test whether placenta ingestion would enhance the partly opiate-mediated analgesia produced by vaginal/cervical stimulation. Nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for analgesia, using t...

Several studies have demonstrated that the electromagnetic fields produce analgesic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. In the study, 78 adult male Wistar albino rats (approximately 240 ± 12 g) were used. The application of 50 Hz magnetic field, each day the same...

OBJECTIVE Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) and its essential oil have been traditionally used to treat many conditions and symptoms such as premenstrual problems, mastalgia, inflammation, sexual dysfunction, and pain. In this study, the effects of essential oil extracted from Vitex agnus-castus (EOVAC) leaves were investigated in three behavioral models of nociception in adult male Wistar rats. MATER...

This study investigated the role of K(ATP) channels in morphine-induced antinociception and hepatic oxidative stress in acute and inflammatory pain. The K(ATP) channel modulators (K(ATP) channel opener, diazoxide 100 mg/kg, p.o, and K(ATP) channel blocker, glibenclamide, 3 mg/kg i.p.) were administered with morphine (80 mg/kg, i.p.). Antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick and formalin t...

objective: the present study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of oral and i.p. administration of alcoholic viscum album (v.a) fruit extract as a rich source of alkaloid substances. materials and methods: experimented animals were divided into control and treatment groups. the treatment rats received different doses of the v.a fruit extract, which was prepared from alcoholic sma...

the effects of formalin as a peripheral noxious stimulus on the activity of lateral paragigantocellularis nucleus (lpgi) neurons were examined. spontaneous activity oflpgi neurons was recorded after confirmation of their responsiveness to acute pain, and thereafter formalin (50 µl, 2.5%) was injected in the contralateral hindpaw. the response of the lpgi neurons was monitored for 60 min. a biph...