A dynamic model of the lactating dairy goat, combining a minimum of mechanistic representations of homeorhetic regulations and a long-term approach, was developed. It describes (i) the main changes in body weight, dry-matter intake, milk production and composition of a dairy goat; (ii) the succession of pregnancy and lactation throughout the productive life; and (iii) the major changes in dynam...

the study was carried out for a period of 150 days on 120 holstein friesian crossbred dairy cows between mid to late lactation to quantify the influence of body condition score (bcs) on yield and composition of milk. total 12 dairy farms having same housing systems and holding at least 20 crossbred dairy cows per farm between mid to late lactation were selected for this study purposes. bcs of i...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing progesterone injections by progesterone vaginal inserts on productive and reproductive parameters of lactating cows with reproductive problems after prolonged periods of heat stress. fifteen holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) treated with two progesterone vaginal inserts (p4-ins); 2) treated with prog...

milk is often described as a complete food because it contains protein, sugar, fat, vitamins, and minerals. this study was performed to investigate risk factors affecting chemical and bacteriological quality of bulk tank milk. according to the following conducted experiments, the milk was divided into two standard and non-standard groups. then, effect of risk factors on making the samples non-s...

background infant formula means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy, by itself, the nutritional requirements of infants during the first months of life up to the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. we aimed to determine the cost and burden of formula feeding on the family in al-amara city, iraq. materials and methods a cross-sectional analytic study was car...