Inflation for retirees is different from, and mostly higher than, the widely quoted macroeconomic inflation rate for the population. For example in the U.S. the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has a lesser known cousin called the CPI-E (for the elderly) in which the subcomponent weights are based on the consumption patterns of Americans above the age of 62. This suggests that Inflation Linked Bond F...

Measurements of positron lifetime and hydrogen solubility were made in deformed polycrystalline Pd to investigate thermally-activated recovery. A strong correlation as a function of isochronal annealing temperature was observed between trapped-positron lifetime and the enhancement of hydrogen solubility due to solute binding at dislocations. This correlation is attributed to the simultaneous re...

BACKGROUND The objective was to compare women's personal estimates of their risk with objective breast cancer risk estimates and to describe the risk factors for breast cancer identified by women. METHODS Telephone survey of a random sample of 761 rural and urban women with no history of breast cancer. Survey instrument included measures of perceptions of lifetime risk for breast cancer for t...

In this paper, a new lifetime class with decreasing failure rate is introduced by compounding truncated binomial distribution with any proper continuous lifetime distribution. The properties of the proposed class are discussed, including a formal proof of its probability density function, distribution function and explicit algebraic formulae for its reliability and failure rate functions. A sim...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the association between fitness and lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). BACKGROUND Higher levels of traditional risk factors are associated with marked differences in lifetime risks for CVD. However, data are sparse regarding the association between fitness and the lifetime risk for CVD. METHODS We followed up 11,049 men who ...

The acquisition of information is a fundamental part of individual foraging behaviour in heterogeneous and changing environments. We examine how foragers may benefit from utilizing a simple learning rule to update estimates of temporal changes in resource levels. In the model, initial expectation of resource conditions and rate of replacing past information by new experiences are genetically in...

In object based data models complex values such as tuples or sets have no special status and must therefore be represented by objects As a consequence di erent objects may represent the same value i e duplicates may occur This paper contains a study of the precise expressive power required for the representation of complex values in typical object based data models supporting rst order queries ...

Provenance refers to the documentation of an object’s lifecycle. This documentation (often represented as a graph) should include all the information necessary to reproduce a certain piece of data or the process that led to it. In a dynamic world, as data changes, it is important to be able to get a piece of data as it was, and its provenance graph, at a certain point in time. Supporting time-a...

Creational patterns, such as Singleton and Factory Method [1], address object construction and initialization, but do not consider object destruction. In some applications, however, object destruction is as important as object construction. The Object Lifecycle Manager pattern addresses issues associated with object destruction. Object Lifecycle Manager is also an example of a complementary pat...

OBJECTIVE At birth, the lifetime risk of developing diabetes is one in three, but lifetime risks across BMI categories are unknown. We estimated BMI-specific lifetime diabetes risk in the U.S. for age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific subgroups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS National Health Interview Survey data (n = 780,694, 1997-2004) were used to estimate age-, race-, sex-, and BMI-specific pre...