Intravitreal antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment in the management of infectious endophthalmitis. Basic knowledge of the commonly used intravitreal antibiotics, which includes their pharmacokinetics, half-life, duration of action and clearance, is essential for elimination of intraocular infection without any iatrogenic adverse effect to the ocular tissue. Various drugs have been studied ...

PURPOSE To determine the serum concentrations of bevacizumab and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who received intravitreal bevacizumab; and to determine whether the changes in the serum concentration of bevacizumab were significantly correlated with the serum concentration of VEGF after intravitreal bevacizumab. DESIGN Case series. ...

PURPOSE Previous reports have identified noninfectious uveitis as a potential sequela following both intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab injections. We present two unique cases of acute anterior uveitis following intravitreal bevacizumab that did not occur with subsequent ranibizumab injections. METHODS Case report. CONCLUSION These cases may reflect differences in the etiology of ante...

background: endometrial remodeling occurs during each menstrual cycle in women. reports have shown that, in a variety of cell types, processes such as proliferation, signaling complex formation and extra cellular matrix remodeling require a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (fak). the present study has focused on the expression pattern of fak in human endometrium during the men...

the effects of steroid hormones, glucagon and insulin on rat liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (pap) activity were studied both in vitro and in vivo. incubation of rat hepatocytes with each hormone showed that dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea), progesterone and testosterone increase pap activity by 44.6, 37 and 36.9%, respectively. estradiol, however, decreased enzyme activity by 13.6% under the...

PURPOSE To evaluate dexamethasone pharmacokinetics after implantation of a sustained-release dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implant in nonvitrectomized and vitrectomized eyes. METHODS The right eyes of 25 rabbits underwent vitrectomy; contralateral eyes served as nonvitrectomy controls. The 0.7-mg DEX implant was injected into both eyes, and drug concentrations were determined in the vitreo...

asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. inhaled corticosteroids (ics) are the recommended controller drug for asthma treatment. the aim of our study was to determine concerns and fears of parents of children with asthma towards the use of ics. one hundred parents of asthmatic children were interviewed using structural questionnaire. airway inflammation was reported by on...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the angiographic results of retinal-retinal anastomosis (RRA) and retinal-choroidal anastomosis (RCA) for eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) after treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab injections as monotherapy or intravitreal bevacizumab combined with photodynamic therapy. METHODS In this interventional, consecutive case s...

Ophthalmic drug delivery to the posterior segment of eye has been challenging due complex ocular anatomy. Intravitreal injection drugs was introduced deliver therapeutic doses in segment. Different diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic edema, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis, and cystoid among others, have historically treated with intravitreal corticosteroids injections...

This article describes how to give an intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF drug. At present, the majority of intravitreal injections are administered by doctors; however, experience in the UK has shown that trained nurses can give these injections as safely as ophthalmologists. The single most important thing to remember is that an intravitreal injection is an intraocular operation, and shoul...