To clarify the changes in pancreatic hormones and their role in the regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy, we measured the portal levels of insulin and pancreatic glucagon and their responses to a glucose load after about 40% hepatectomy in dogs. The changes in the A and B cells of the islets of Langerhans were examined histologically. In the early stages after hepatectomy portal ...

Adult pancreatic islets comprise four cell types, alpha, beta, delta and PP, expressing glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic-polypeptide, respectively, arising from cell lineages whose relationships during endocrine pancreas differentiation are still uncertain [Edlund, 1998. Diabetes 47, 1817-1823]. As zebrafish (Danio rerio) represents an attractive vertebrate model to study mutants ...

The nature and extent of somatostatin-induced inhibition of pancreatic endocrine secretion were studied by administration of a number of stimuli of either glucagon or insulin to over night fasted baboons with and without an infusion of linear somatostatin. The stimuli for acute-phase insulin release were intravenous pulses of glucose, tolbutamide, isoproterenol, and secretin. When given 15 min ...

During regeneration of rat livers following 70% hepatectomy, insulin binding sites on hepatocyte plasma membranes are increased after 24-48 hours, glucagon binding sites are reduced on days 2-8, and the resultant insulin/glucagon binding ratio is markedly increased. An apparent paradox was the finding of a depression of the activity of an insulin associated enzyme, glucokinase, at a time when t...

Examination of human fetal pancreatic endocrine cell development can provide further insight in, defining the developmental patterns of endocrine cells and identifying β-cell progenitors. In this study we performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of human fetal pancreatic sections aged from 7.7 to 38 weeks post conception (wpc), as well as 10 weeks post natal (wpn), and adult secti...

Hereditary insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus occurs in certain sublines of nonobese Chinese hamsters. Several characteristics of this syndrome are similar to those seen in insulin-deficient human diabetics. Therefore, to characterize pancreatic islet function, dynamic insulin and glucagon release from normal and nonketotic diabetic hamster pancreases in response to glucose (300 mg/100 ml) and...

The effects of insulin and glucagon on glycogen metabolism were studied in cultured fetal hepatocytes transplanted from 15-day-old fetuses. The effects of these hormones were examined just after transplantation, when the cells contained only minute amounts of glycogen, and during the 3 to 4 day culture period, when the hepatocytes were exposed to 10 pM cortisol and actively accumulated glycogen...

Shortly after the discovery of insulin, investigators reported that intravenous administration of this hormone leads to a transient hyperglycemia. Kimball and Murlin (1) suggested that this response was caused by the presence of a second physiologically active substance which they named glucagon. Some workers (2, 3), however, suggested that this effect might be ascribed to insulin, or possibly ...

Incretin hormones are defined as intestinal hormones released in response to nutrient ingestion, which potentiate the glucose-induced insulin response. In humans, the Incretin effect is mainly caused by two peptide hormones, glucose-dependent insulin releasing polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1K cells from small intestine secretes GIP and L cell from distal intestine secretes...

Twenty-one patients had serial samples of blood taken before, during, and after operation for the measurement of plasma glucagon, plasma insulin, and blood glucose concentrations. A significant rise in plasma glucagon level was noted during the operation. In contrast the plasma insulin concentration fell during the operation and rose in the postoperative period despite hyperglycaemia during and...