Aseptic meningitis refers to a clinical syndrome of meningeal inflammation in which bacteria cannot be identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The viral etiology and the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of aseptic meningitis among children aged 2 months to 15 years in Shiraz, southern Iran were determined. From May 2007 to April 2008, 65 patients were admitted to t...

The 2014 diagnosis of poliomyelitis-like illness in a middle-aged Victorian man on his return to Australia after working in the Horn of Africa, highlights the possibility of poliovirus being imported into any country while the virus circulates anywhere.1 This possibility is also illustrated by Australia’s last confirmed incursion of poliovirus. In 2007 a Melbourne university student was confirm...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Although inactivated and live vaccines are commercially available for the control of PRRS, both types of vaccine have not always proven successful in terms of generating a protective immune response, particularly in the case of inactivated vaccines. In this study, we tested w...

Introduction Poliomyelitis a disease targeted for eradication since 19881 still pose public health challenge. The Eastern Mediterranean and African Regions out of the six World Health Organization (WHO) Regions are yet to be certified polio free2. The certification of the WHO Africa region is largely dependent on Nigeria, while the WHO Eastern Mediterranean is dependent on Pakistan and Afghanis...

A study of the antigenic potency of influenza virus inactivated by ultraviolet radiation has been made. Virus so inactivated is still capable of functioning as an immunizing agent when given to mice by the intraperitoneal route. In high concentrations inactivated virus appears to be nearly as effective as active virus but when quantitative comparisons of the immunity induced by different diluti...

From 2001 to 2004, Switzerland switched from routine vaccination with oral polio vaccine (OPV) to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), using both vaccines in the intervening period. Since IPV is less effective at inducing mucosal immunity than OPV, this change might allow imported poliovirus to circulate undetected more easily in an increasingly IPV-immunized population. Environmental monitoring is...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this open, multicenter, randomized trial was to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a candidate combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B virus-inactivated polio virus (DTaP-HBV-IPV) vaccine when given as either a mixed or as separate concomitant injections with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine. STUDY DESIGN A total of 359 subjec...

Introduction Iron lungs sucking breath into immobile bodies. Paralysis. Useless limbs. Forced separation of children from their families. Polio conjures up a nightmarish vision, in part due to the rapid and unexpected onset of paralysis, the inability to predict who might succumb, and the absence of any cure for the potentially lifelong poliovirus-associated paralysis. Sporadic cases of polio h...

As the goal to eradicate wild polio virus (WPV) is approached, outbreaks associated with vaccine derived polioviruses (VDPV) with neurovirulent properties have emerged. The relevance for the spread of infection by nonparalytic cVDPV cases, with mutations associated with neurovirulence, is discussed with reference to the molecular analysis of a VDPV isolated from a Jamaican child who presented w...