We document a divergence in the duration of rule for monarchs in Western Europe and the Islamic world beginning in the medieval period. While leadership tenures in the two regions were similar in the 8th century, Christian kings became increasingly long lived compared to Muslim sultans. We argue that forms of executive constraint that emerged under feudal institutions in Western Europe were ass...

In the medieval history of Islamic medicine sources, there is a lot of information regarding the translation of the books on the Alexandria Medical School and regarding the bibliographies of doctors. Among the books that were taught in Alexandria Medical School, Galen`s works are the most important. One of the famous translators, Hunayn ibn Ishaq, has made a full bibliographic list of Galen`s ...

BACKGROUND The science of toxicology has a long history and been highly valued in Islamic countries. Numerous scientists were the expert in this field, particularly during the third and fourth centuries. Through reading such literature and gaining the experience of the scientists, one can use such valuable information to promote this science. METHODS In this article, different sources of trad...

The Iranian plateau is an ideal area for investigating the relationship be? tween ecological and sociological factors because of its stark aridity, on the one hand, and its historical role as a meeting place of ethnic and cultural movements on the other. The part of the plateau which forms the southeast corner of Persia is particularly interesting from this point of view. Over an area of some 2...

what is known as 'Arabian Medicine"' (p. VII). Recent research, however, shows more and more that one cannot speak of a medieval Jewish medicine proper. Jewish physicians studied the Arabic medical works which are based on the Galenic medical tradition. A good example is Maimonides, who according to Jewish scholars, made such a great contribution to medieval medicine. But it now clear that he w...

DOI dx.doi.org/10.12658/Nazariyat.3.2.R0002en First, I would like to express my appreciation to Nazariyat for providing this space for a discussion of my book The Medieval Islamic Hospital (2015).1 I would also like to thank Nahyan Fancy for taking the time to pen a ten-page review of it, thereby providing the chance for this discussion.2 In the coming pages, I will offer some remarks on his re...

studying the history of science in ancient civilizations can help to shed light on the mysteries of the history of science as well as the contribution of nations to the growth of science in the world throughout the history. among various branches of science, medicine is of particular importance and owing to the crucial role of physicians in this discipline; the present study has taken the role ...

One hundred and forty-one glass fragments from medieval Ciudad de Vascos (Toledo, Spain) were analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The glasses fall into three types according to the fluxing agents used: mineral natron, soda-rich plant ash, and a combination of soda ash and lead. The natron glasses can be assigned to various established primary pro...

When we think of Christianity's role in the rise of science, what do we think of? How it hindered it, such as the conflict between Galileo (1564-1642) and the Inquisition in the seventeenth century? Or, perhaps, do we think of Thomas Huxley debating evolution with Bishop Wilberforce in the nineteenth century? What we need to do now is take a deep breath, and take a step out of today's overwhelm...