Head injuries are the most common cause of pedestrian deaths in car–pedestrian accidents. To reduce the severity of such injuries, the ISO, IHRA and Japan MLIT proposed subsystem tests in which a headform impactor is impacted upon a car bonnet top. JAMA and JARI have developed the headform impactors in compliance with the ISO standard, the IHRA recommendation and the Japan MLIT safety regulatio...

Among inhaled asthma therapies, the present study aimed to identify factors for selecting the type of inhalation therapy for asthma. Three methods are used to deliver inhaled cromoglycate, and the airway deposition rate was evaluated using a cascade impactor with 3 dosage forms: dry powder (DP), pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), and solution (jet- and mesh-types). The percentage of parti...

-Andersen cascade impactors are widely used to assess airborne particle size distributions. Two forms (MkI and MklI) have been calibrated using solid and liquid aerosols, measured by microscopy, fluorimetry, and aerodynamic particle sizer. A fluorescent tracer was used to examine qualitatively the details of the wall loss deposition patterns when using greased and ungreased plates, and to quant...

INTRODUCTION The airborne transmission of infectious diseases in livestock production is increasingly receiving research attention. Reliable techniques of air sampling are crucial to underpin the findings of such studies. This study evaluated the physical and biological efficiencies and detection limits of four samplers (Andersen 6-stage impactor, all-glass impinger "AGI-30", OMNI-3000 and MD8 ...

Sub-micron sized airborne particulate matter (PM) is not collected well on regular quartz or glass fiber filter papers. We used a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to fractionate PM into six size fractions and deposit it on specially designed high purity thin aluminum disks. The MOUDI separated PM into fractions 56-100 nm, 100-180 nm, 180-320 nm, 320-560 nm, 560-1000 nm, and 1000-1...

This paper deals with the development of a numerical simulation methodology for estimating damages in laminate composite materials caused by a low-speed impact. Experimental tests were performed on laminate plates reinforced with woven carbon fibers and epoxy resin. Three thickness plates were evaluated. The impact loads were transversal and punctual. Two lamina failure criteria were evaluated....

The crashworthiness of a railway vehicle has been developed to provide energy absorption capacity and efficiency absorption. This study presents computer simulation determine the energy-absorbing structure new addition crash box design on Indonesian high-speed train in collision scenario. analysis is done with software based finite element methods. modeled as thin-walled located coupler housing...

This paper reports a study on the failure of masonry walls subject to vehicular impacts. The investigation encompasses homogenised material model incorporating strain rate effects suitable for impact dynamic applications using layered shell element formulation in an explicit finite framework. As focus is walls, simplicity impactor conservatively modelled as rigid and crashing normal surface wal...

Submicron-sized airborne particulate matter (PM) is not collected well on regular quartz or glass fiber filter papers. We used a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to fractionate PM into 6 size fractions and deposit it on specially designed high-purity thin aluminum disks. The MOUDI separated PM into fractions 56–100, 100–180, 180–320, 320–560, 560–1000, and 1000–1800 nm. Since the ...

Geochemical evidence suggests that the material accreted by the Earth did not change in nature during Earth's accretion, presumably because the inner protoplanetary disc had uniform isotopic composition similar to enstatite chondrites, aubrites and ungrouped achondrite NWA 5363/5400. Enstatite meteorites and the Earth were derived from the same nebular reservoir but diverged in their chemical e...