background : there is a broad consensus among health policy-makers that smoking has a significant impact on both heath system and society. the purpose of this study was to estimate the economic burden of major cancer deaths caused by smoking in iran in 2012. methods : number of major cancer deaths due to smoking by sex and age groups in 2012 was obtained from globcan database. the life expectan...

background: the present study aimed to determine the association between constructs of the health belief model (hbm) (i.e. perceived susceptibility to smoking health-related problems, perceived barriers to non-smoking, perceived benefits of non-smoking, and perceived self-efficacy to non-smoking and cues to action of non-smoking) and cigarette smoking among male pre-university students. methods...

conclusions the results showed that the effect of several psychosocial, behavioral, and demographic risk factors on adolescents' smoking status. thus, design and implementation of interventions based on the results of the present study may be effective in preventing tobacco smoking among adolescents. patients and methods this cross-sectional study was performed on 810 male adolescents recruited...

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor that is typically diagnosed only when the tumor has gained remarkable size, extended to peripheral tissues, and led to dysphagia. Five-year survival of advanced cancer is still very poor (19%), even with improved surgical techniques and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Therefore, early detection and prevention are the most importa...

BACKGROUND The study of the correlation of menopausal symptoms with heart rate variability (HRV) has not been adequate. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postmenopausal symptoms measured by the menopause rating scale (MRS) and HRV. METHODS We assessed postmenopausal symptoms (using MRS) with age, BMI, educational status, occupation, marital status, alcohol and ...

OBJECTIVES Alveolar macrophages (AM) are used as a biomarker of pulmonary irritation due to occupational exposure in the AM test. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a co-variation between the number of AM and exposure to cooking fumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 62 volunteers. People who worked in a kitchen preparing hot meals were considered as ...

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking behaviors among students in Tehran University, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 400 participants of Tehran University. A self-administrated, anonymous questionnaire was used for data gathering. Findings: The mean age of students was 21.70 ± 2.73 years, and 92% of them were single. The prevalence of smoking was...

background: scenes depicting smoking are among the causes of smoking initiation in youth. the present study was the first in iran to collect some primary information regarding the presence of smoking scenes in movies and propagation of tobacco use. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted by polling audience about smoking scenes in persian movies on theaters in 2011. data were collecte...