We propose a dynamic load balancing scheme for the tele-traac hot spot problem in cellular networks. A tele-traac hot spot is a region of adjacent hot cells where the channel demand has exceeded a certain threshold. A hot spot is depicted as a stack of hexagonaìRings' of cells and is classiied as complete if all cells within it are hot. Otherwise it is termed incomplete. The rings containing al...

Superalloys are metallic alloys used for high temperature applications such as encountered in the aircraft industry and where resistance to deformation is a primary requirement. Alloy 718 and waspaloy are few examples of Nickel-base superalloys that resist deformation at elevated temperatures and are therefore difficult to hot work. The major hotworking operations are forging, extrusion, and ro...

Developing artificial neural network (ANN), a model to make a correct prediction of required force and torque in ring rolling process is developed for the first time. Moreover, an optimal state of process for specific range of input parameters is obtained using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods. Radii of main roll and mandrel, rotational speed of main roll, pr...

thermomechanical control process steel produced by rolling has a significant anisotropy. the elongated grains and inclusions formed during hot rolling of ferrite and low carbon hsla steels directly influence the anisotropy of the steel’s mechanical properties as a result of microstructural anisotropy. the present research deals with this anisotropy, and particular attention has been paid to the...

Scale defects are common surface defects in hot steel rolling. The reasons for such defects are not straightforward. With data mining methods, the multidimensional dependencies between process variables and product composition can be discovered. For this research, a high-dimensional data set from Rautaruukki Oyj, Raahe, Finland was gathered. The data contained both averaged values and process v...