Studies of the X-ray surface brightness profiles of clusters, coupled with theoretical considerations, suggest that the breaking of self-similarity in the hot gas results from an ‘entropy floor’, established by some heating process, which affects the structure of the intracluster gas strongly in lower mass systems. By fitting analytical models for the radial variation in gas density and tempera...

A photometric redshift analysis of galaxies in the field of the wide-separation gravitational lens MG2016+112 reveals a population of 69 galaxies with photometric redshifts consistent with being in a cluster at the redshift of the giant elliptical lensing galaxy z = 1.00. The Ks-band luminosity function of the cluster galaxies is well represented by the Schechter function with a characteristic ...

We apply the adhesion approximation to study the formation and evolution of voids in the Universe. Our simulations – carried out using 128 particles in a cubical box with side 128 Mpc – indicate that the void spectrum evolves with time and that the mean void size in the standard COBE-normalised Cold Dark Matter (hereafter CDM) model with h50 = 1, scales approximately as D̄(z) = D̄0 √ 1+z , where ...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: Q43 Q54 C68 D58 H50 H68 Keywords: Fuel prices Endogenous growth Budgetary consolidation Climate policy Dynamic general equilibrium Portugal This paper examines the influence of fossil fuel prices on carbon dioxide emissions, economic activity, and the public sector account in Portugal. It uses a dynamic general equilibrium model which highlights the mec...

We present an X-ray analysis of the rich cluster ABCG 85 based on ROSAT PSPC data. By applying an improved wavelet analysis, we show that our view of this cluster is notably changed from what was previously believed (a main region and a south blob). The main emission comes from the central part of the main body of the cluster on which is superimposed that of a foreground group of galaxies. The ...

The issues of disparities, regional imbalance development and attempt to reducing development disparities among various regions have been attracted considerable attention among researchers, planners and policy makers. In this regard, this study employs a mathematical programing model for budget resources allocation among Iran provinces in order to development disparities reduction among them. I...

The country's expenditure on education shows the level of social development society and attitude state towards this process. A with a high increases highly qualified human capital accelerates development. Therefore, most countries are trying to increase their spending education. main goal research is study current academic performance scholarship non-scholarship students at Faculty Economics B...