Prostate brachytherapy guided by transrectal ultrasound is a common treatment option for early stage prostate cancer. Prostate cancer accounts for 28% of cancer cases and 11% of cancer deaths in men with 217,730 estimated new cases and 32,050 estimated deaths in 2010 in the United States alone. The major current limitation is the inability to reliably localize implanted radiation seeds spatiall...

PURPOSE Well-known defect of TG-43 based algorithms used in brachytherapy is a lack of information about interaction cross-sections, which are determined not only by electron density but also by atomic number. TG-186 recommendations with using of MBDCA (model-based dose calculation algorithm), accurate tissues segmentation, and the structure's elemental composition continue to create difficulti...

Brachytherapy is the treatment method of choice for patients with a tumor relapse after a radiation therapy with external beams or tumors in regions with sensitive surrounding organs-at-risk, e. g. prostate tumors. The standard needle implantation procedure in brachytherapy uses pre-operatively acquired image data displayed as slices on a monitor beneath the operation table. Since this informat...

Graphdiyne nanomaterials are low density and highly porous carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials, with outstanding application prospects for electronic energy storage/conversion systems. In two latest scientific advances, large-area pyrenyl graphdiyne (Pyr-GDY) pyrazinoquinoxaline (PQ-GDY) nanosheets have been successfully fabricated. As the first theoretical study, herein we conduct firs...

High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is a popular modality for treating cancers of the prostate, cervix, endometrium, breast, skin, bronchus, esophagus, and head and neck as well as soft-tissue sarcomas. Because of different source designs and licensing issues, there is a need for specific dosimetry dataset for each HDR source model. The main objective of the present work is to measure 2D relativ...

For reasons that remain not entirely clear, Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) clerkships often exhibit comparatively higher rates of medical student mistreatment. To explore perceptions of our local learning environment, focus groups were held with students yet to start (pre-students) and students having completed (post-students) their Ob/Gyn clerkship. Topics of discussion included learning e...

Abstract Background Gynecologic cancers are among the most prevalent malignancies in China. Cervical and uterine cancer respectively account for sixth eighth highest incidence of Chinese women. Abdominal surgery is one important treatment methods gynecological tumors. However, tumor- surgery-related symptom burden not well studied owing to a lack standardized validated assessment tool populatio...

Introduction: The use of low energy isotopes such as  103 Pd in brachytherapy for the treatment of cancers  such as prostate, eye, head, neck, breast and cervix is increasing. In this regard, different models of Pd- 103  seeds  have  been  designed  and  manufactured  at  the  Agricultural,  Medical  and  Industrial  Research  School (AMIRS) of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. In this resear...

BACKGROUND Overwhelming hemorrhage or other intra-abdominal complications may be associated with obstetrical or gynecologic (OB/GYN) procedures and may require the surgical training of an Acute Care/Trauma Surgeon. The OB Critical Assessment Team (OBCAT Alert) was developed at our institution to facilitate a multidisciplinary response to complex OB/GYN cases. We sought to review and characteriz...