Growth failure is almost inextricably linked with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Growth failure in CKD has been associated with both increased morbidity and mortality. Growth failure in the setting of kidney disease is multifactorial and is related to poor nutritional status as well as comorbidities, such as anemia, bone and mineral disorders, and alterations i...

A reduction in the availability of oxygen and nutrients across the placenta in the last trimester of pregnancy may lead to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) which, in turn, may cause a persistent postnatal growth failure. However, it is unknown whether this persistent growth retardation is centrally mediated through alterations in the components of the growth hormone (GH)-axis. We tested t...

Monthly increments of length, weight gain, and head circumference were recorded from birth to 4 years of age in 52 children with cystic fibrosis. At birth the children showed stunting. Standard deviation (SD) scores at birth for height, weight, and head circumference were -1.24, -0.72, and -1.82 respectively. Over the first four years, length and weight SD scores showed a consistent improvement...

Introduction: Esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is defined as a congenital malformation characterized with the interruption or obstruction of esophagus. Affected neonates may present with cyanosis during breast feeding, sialorrhea, coughing and difficulty in respiration. The defect should be corrected by surgery; otherwise, the condition ca...

The process of doping of CdS nanoparticles with Mn during colloidal synthesis is analyzed by EPR and optical studies. Analysis of EPR results demonstrated that Mn(2+) ions are successfully incorporated into the nanoparticles and occupy the crystal sites both in the bulk of a NP and near the surface of a NP. Optical absorption measurements revealed the retardation of absorption edge shift during...

AIM Disruption to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways during early life causes growth retardation and defects of developing metabolic organs that can alter set points of energy homeostasis for a lifetime. Inheritance of two maternal copies of human chromosome 14q32.2 (Temple syndrome) causes severe foetal growth retardation and post-natal failure to thrive. Disruption of imprin...

Twenty four children (five girls, 19 boys) who had intrauterine growth retardation were treated with daily subcutaneous biosynthetic human growth hormone, initially in a dose of either 15 or 30 U/m2/week for the first year and in the latter dose for the next two years. Six patients (one girl, five boys) had no dysmorphic signs and 18 (four girls, 14 boys) had signs of Russel-Silver syndrome. Al...

OBJECTIVE Measurements of length at birth, or in the neonatal period, are challenging to obtain and often discounted for lack of validity. Hence, classical 'under-5' stunting rates have been derived from surveys on children from 6 to 59 months of age. Guatemala has a high prevalence of stunting (49.8%), but the age of onset of growth failure is not clearly defined. The objective of the study wa...

introduction renal tubular acidosis (rta) is a non-uremic defects of urinary acidification. it is characterized by a normal anion gap hyperchloremic  metabolic acidosis; plasma potassium may be normal, low or high-depending on the type of rta. these syndromes differ from uremic acidosis which is associated with a high anion gap, decreased glomerular filtration with enhanced proton secretion by ...