the most important and practical phase of analyzing the linguistic errors of second language learners is to find the solutions to decrease these errors. to that end, the present study examined translation strategy to decrease the number of grammatical and lexical errors of chinese language learners learning persian. twelve chinese language learners were asked to write a text in two stages. firs...

A visual-world eye-tracking experiment investigated the influence of order of mention and grammatical role on resolution of ambiguous pronouns in Finnish. According to the first-mention account, general cognitive structure-building processes make the first-mentioned noun phrase the preferred antecedent of an ambiguous pronoun. According to the subject-preference account, the preferred anteceden...

The research presented in the paper forms part of a larger initiative aimed at automatic algorithm induction using machine learning. This paper compares the performance of two machine learning techniques, namely, genetic programming and a variation of genetic programming, grammatical evolution, for automatic algorithm induction. The application domain used to evaluate both the approaches is the...

The rich aspectual system in Modern Greek involves both morphologically expressed grammatical aspect and eventuality types. Particular emphasis is paid to the interaction between grammatical aspect and eventuality types, since it is due to this interaction that the verbal predicate acquires distinct meanings. The main aim of this paper is to explain potential changes in the meaning of the event...

Every winning candidate (grammatical output) is a last resort under OT. It is the best one (or within the set of the best ones) left after the impossible have been eliminated: the last one standing. I will refer to the observation that grammatical structures have a last resort appearance as the Last Resort (LR) effect. The LR effect is a theorem of OT. There is no “Last Resort” principle or con...

Grammatical dependencies often involve elements that are not adjacent. However, most experiments in which non-adjacent dependencies are learned bracketed the dependent material with pauses, which is not how dependencies appear in natural language. Here we report successful learning of embedded NAD without pause bracketing. Instead, we induce learners to compute structure in an artificial langua...

Statistical machine translation systems often struggle to preserve predicateargument structure. We present a new hierarchical machine translation model that explicitly captures the grammatical roles taken on by the words and phrases being translated (e.g., subject, object, and indirect object). Although existing hierarchical and syntax-based grammars can capture how many arguments a predicate t...

Previous studies distinguish between right hemisphere-dominant processing of prosodic/tonal information and left-hemispheric modulation of grammatical information as well as lexical tones. Swedish word accents offer a prime testing ground to better understand this division. Although similar to lexical tones, word accents are determined by words' morphosyntactic structure, which enables listener...

Effects of negative input for 13 categories of grammatical error were assessed in a longitudinal study of naturalistic adult-child discourse. Two-hour samples of conversational interaction were obtained at two points in time, separated by a lag of 12 weeks, for 12 children (mean age 2;0 at the start). The data were interpreted within the framework offered by Saxton's (1997, 2000) contrast theor...

Jakobson (1959) reports: "The Russian painter Repin was baffled as to why Sin had been depicted as a woman by German artists: he did not realize that 'sin' is feminine in German (die Sünde), but masculine in Russian (rpex)." Does the grammatical gender of nouns in an artist's native language indeed predict the gender of personifications in art? In this paper we analyzed works in the ARTstor dat...