A searching command (grab) for maintaining indexes combines acceptably fast searching with very low storage overhead. It looks like grep except that it demands a preindexing pass, looks only for whole words, and runs faster. As an example of performance, consider the time to search for single words in a 7.8 Mbyte file (the Brown corpus of English). The times below are in seconds on a DEC 8600 r...

C apitalizing on the opportunities presented by the surface tension of aqueous liquids against air shows natural selection at its most creative. The paper in PNAS by Rico-Guevara and Rubega (1) describes how protruded hummingbird tongues curl lengthwise into a pair of tubes containing nectar. As a tongue contacts nectar on its lower surface or is withdrawn from full submersion, the surface tens...

We examined the effects of the Mogi-Guaçu river damming (São Paulo State, Brazil) on the Chironomidae fauna. Pre, during, and post-filling sampling was carried out in the main channel and margins of one site in the upper zone of the reservoir, using a modified Petersen grab (325 cm2). We evaluated the total, subfamily, and tribe densities and also their relative abundance. Analysis of genera in...

Understanding the processes by which mercury is mobilized from soil to stream is currently limited by a lack of observations during high-flow events, when the majority of this transport occurs. An automated technique to collect stream water for unfiltered total mercury (HgT) analysis was systematically evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments. Potential sources of error investigated were...

In the United States Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes Kentucky and Cerro are frequently isolated from asymptomatic dairy cows. However, factors that contribute to colonization of the bovine gut by these two serotypes have not been identified. To investigate associations between Salmonella status and bacterial diversity, as well as the diversity of the microbial community in the dai...

Crustaceans (Arthropoda) are a diverse and abundant group with chitinous exoskeleton, living on coastal/estuarine environments, at community invertebrate fauna. A survey the species of some crustacean groups found Minho River estuary (international section) in Iberian Peninsula, is presented specimens collected through glass eel fishing bycatch, grab sampler, trammel net, beam trawl fyke net sa...

The rare in the German North and Baltic Sea waters strictly protected sea star Crossaster papposus was found 2019 2021 during monitoring activities a marine area. This unique observation achieved by using towed camera platform imagery along transect Fehmarn Belt, which allows of much larger area seafloor compared to traditional invasive grab dredge sampling. last time C. documented this 1871, i...

Identification of mold growth based on microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) may be a viable alternative to current bioaerosol assessment methodologies. A feed-forward back propagation (FFBP) artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to correlate MVOCs with bioaerosol levels in built environments. A cross-validation MATLAB script was developed to train the ANN and produce model resul...

Clostridium perfringens (CP) and sulphite reducing clostridia (SRC) densities in the Selangor River, Bernam River and Tengi River Canal were examined between April 2007 and January 2008. Water samples were taken from two or three locations along each river, using either depth-integration or grab sampling methods. The downstream sampling site of the Selangor River, Rantau Panjang, reported the h...

The application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on agricultural landscapes has the potential to generate concerns of environmental degradation at fine to coarse scales across the catchment and landscape. Inorganic nitrogen species (NO3*, NO2*, and NH3) are typically associated with subsurface flow processes; however, surface runoff from rainfall events in no-till agriculture with inorganic su...