BACKGROUND Prolonged electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in the neurological-neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) may be performed in patients with status epilepticus, repetitive seizure activity, or an encephalopathy with or without seizures. The electroclinical correlation and neurological outcome of patients undergoing digital video-EEG monitoring (DVEEG) in the NICU has not been de...

Background Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a frequent medical emergency. GCSE treatment focuses on the administration of benzodiazepines followed by second-line antiepileptic drug (AED). Despite this stepwise strategy, not controlled in one-quarter patients and associated with protracted hospitalization, high mortality, long-term disability. Valproic acid (VPA) an AED good t...

Electroencephalography is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of status epilepticus (SE) and it can also give prognostic information. It can help to confirm that an episode of SE has ended. It can identify the patients who have unsuspected subclinical seizures. There is a wide range of presentations of SE. Nearly all types of seizures have the potential of occurring in a repeated or c...

Acute seizures account for 1% of adult and 2% of pediatric emergency department visits, at an annual cost of $1 billion (in U.S. dollars).1 When seizures are prolonged or repetitive without recovery between episodes, the condition is termed status epilepticus, and it occurs in approximately 6% of visits to the emergency department for seizures. The cost for inpatient care of patients in status ...

The presence of cerebral palsy and that of slow growing brain tumors are risk factors for convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) needs electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring to be confirmed as it may be clinically subtle. Furthermore, it may present with a variety of ictal EEG morphologies. We report a case of a patient with cerebral palsy and...

West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged with a much wider geographic distribution and a higher incidence than ever. In spite of some recent reports on the neurological manifestations and EEG changes caused by WNV encephalitis, there are few data on the incidence of seizures, status epilepticus or post-encephalitic epilepsy. There is also no systematic review of EEG changes caused by WNV encephalit...

Status epilepticus is refractory to initial intravenous anticonvulsants in every third patient and at least the generalised convulsive form is commonly associated with neuronal long-term consequences. The understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying development and maintenance of status epilepticus and its sequelae is therefore of uttermost importance. Spontaneous seizure terminati...

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is a familial partial epilepsy syndrome characterized by seizures suggesting a frontal lobe origin occurring predominantly during sleep. Up to a third of patients may have refractory seizures, with repeated episodes of status epilepticus, intellectual disability of variable degree and psychiatric disturbances. We report a patient with ...