Ammonium (NH4 ), nitrate+nitrite (NOx), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (DOC, DON and DOP) were measured in the Altamaha River and several tributaries during a two year period from September 2000 through September 2002. Temporal variations in concentration as well as nutrient and dissolved organic matter loading from the Altamaha to the...

Market-based instruments for pollution control have received large attention during the last years due to increasing costs of pollution abatement and the need for more flexibility among emitting sources to comply with environmental regulations. The evidence, however, has shown some implementation problems with such instruments. A classic example of such problems is the Fox River permit program,...

In this paper optical space and time resolved measurements on the later development of Kanal (streamer) and Townsend discharges in nitrogen are treated. In both discharges fast luminous fronts (the so called ionizing waves) arise: in the streamer discharge between the primary streamer stage and the spark stage, and in the Townsend discharge during the transition to the glow. For the streamer di...

Tradeable-permit systems are at the center of current interest and activity in market-based reforms of environmental policy, because these systems can offer significant advantages over conventional approaches to pollution control. Unfortunately, claims made for their relative costeffectiveness have often been exaggerated. Transaction costs, which are ubiquitous in these markets, reduce trading ...

Taking account of sinks credits as agreed in Bonn and Marrakech, this paper illustrates how market power could be exerted in the absence of the US ratification under Annex 1 trading and explores the potential implications of the non-competitive supply behavior for the international market of tradable permits, compliance costs for the remaining Annex 1 countries to meet their revised Kyoto targe...

Firms are generally reluctant to reveal their true marginal costs for environmental abatement. Depending upon the policy instruments used by the regulator, firms may even seek to misrepresent their abatement costs in order to gain a competitive advantage. This paper shows how the regulator can induce truth revealing behavior by firms in the emission permit market. The aggregate optimal emission...

Nitrogen is an important element in the life of a plant. A wide range of nitrogen-containing compounds is available in the world market, with different formulations and efficiencies. Urea is present in most fertilizer applications; however, nano-nitrogen products are becoming popular although there is only limited information on their field efficiency. Thus, this paper studied the foliar applic...

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