Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) can be classified as primary or secondary. Moreover, many causes of primary FSGS have been identified in recent years. In this regard, genetic circulating permeability factors and the abnormal podocyte expression of co-stimulatory molecules have been reported. However, the classification of this entity remains difficult to understand, mainly due to the ...

The distribution of lesions of glomerulosclerosis, whether focal or diffuse, has important implications for pathogenesis and potential therapeutic response. Determination of focal or diffuse nature of lesions from a single section, may, however, be misleading. We therefore evaluated the distribution of segmental glomerulosclerosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome and idiopathic focal segment...

Prednisone is the initial treatment of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, when immunosuppressive agents in combination with steroids are used in the treatment of prednisone-dependent and prednisone-resistant patients the remission rate is variable. We report a long-term trial using cyclophosphamide (2.0 to 3.0 mg/kg body weight for 12 weeks) in combination with prednisone (1.0...

348 Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases | Volume 8 | Number 4 | July 2014 stress, although there is no bacterial infection. In these situations, after the elevation of procalcitonin values, a rapid decline is observed in the follow-up measurements. 3 On the other hand, procalcitonin can have false negative or lower values in early course and localized site of an infection. 3 In this context, rep...

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common cause of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. It describes a unique histological picture of glomerular damage resulting from several causes. In the majority of patients the causing agent is still unknown, but in some cases viral association is evident. In adults, the most established FSGS causing virus is the human immune...

Primary mitochondrial diseases (MD) are complex, heterogeneous inherited diseases caused by mutations in either the mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Glomerular diseases in MD have been reported with tRNA mutation m.3243A>G causing a syndrome of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). We describe here a case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) ass...

A prolonged course with corticosteroids represents the first therapeutic approach for nephrotic patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In patients with contraindications to steroids or in those who do not respond to steroids or cyclosporine, cytotoxic agents, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), plasmapheresis, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis have been tried as alternative...

BACKGROUND Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common histologic pattern of renal injury seen in adults with idiopathic proteinuria. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the podocin gene NPHS2 are found in 10-30% of pediatric cases of steroid resistant nephrosis and/or FSGS. METHODS We studied the spectrum of genetic variation in 371 individuals with predomin...

The pathologic diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is associated with a syndrome of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and progressive renal insufficiency. The incidence of FSGS has increased in recent years. Known causes of FSGS include genetic abnormalities, viral infections, decreased nephron number, and hyperperfusion/hyperfiltration. The etiology is unknown in the majo...