A temperature-like parameter is introduced in ordinary sandpiles models. A temperature dependent probability distribution is assigned for the sand toppling on sites of any height. In mean eld theory criticality is obtained for all the values of temperature and no characteristic avalanche size appears. Numerical simulations supports the existence of criticality at any temperature with apparently...

The abelian sandpile models feature a finite abelian group G generated by the operators corresponding to particle addition at various sites. We study the canonical decomposition of G as a product of cyclic groups G = Zd1 ×Zd2 ×Zd3 · · ·×Zdg where g is the least number of generators of G, and di is a multiple of di+1. The structure of G is determined in terms of the toppling matrix ∆. We constru...

This study presents experimental and numerical investigations on seven one-way, reinforced concrete (RC) slabs with a new technique of slab weight reduction using polystyrene-embedded arched blocks (PEABs). All had the same dimensions, steel reinforcement, compressive strength. One these was solid slab, which taken as control while other six were cast PEABs. The main variables ratio length PEAB...

Foam core sandwich composites are finding a wider breadth of use in aerospace, automotive, and construction applications. These structures present unique challenges in terms of material failure and interaction and are highly sensitive to damage and imperfections introduced during manufacturing. An emerging class of 3D Fiber Reinforced Foam Core (3DFRFC) aims to replace monolithic foams used in ...

This paper presents in-plane electrostatic comb-drive actuators with stroke as large as 245 μm that is achieved by employing a novel Clamped Paired Double Parallelogram (C-DPDP) flexure mechanism. For a given flexure beam length, comb gap, and actuation voltage, this is currently the largest comb-drive actuator stroke reported in the literature. The C-DP-DP flexure mechanism design offers high ...

Beam samples containing cranial sutures were prepared from embalmed and unembalmed cranial bone and were tested to determine their flexural stiffness and strength. With the aid of layered beam theory, the flexural stiffnesses of beams containing cranial sutures were compared to hypothetical layered cranial bone beams which did not contain sutures. The bending stiffnesses and strengths of crania...

Soil (topsoil and overburden) above the granite quarry in pit 2 (two) PT. Karya Sumber Alam Perkasa has experienced a landslide. It is probably caused by condition of slopes at Perkasa, which currently being mined, quite steep. External factors that can trigger movement rock masses are vibrations due to breakers. This potential increase risk slope stability. Slope stability influenced geologica...