OBJECTIVE Compared to men, postmenopausal women suffer from a disproportionate burden of many co-morbidities associated with obesity, e.g. cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia. The underlying mechanism for this sex difference is not well understood but is believed to relate to absence of the protective effect of estrogen through the action of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the central...

Accumulating evidence suggests that gender can have a profound effect on incidence and severity of a variety of pulmonary diseases. To address the influence of gender on the development of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we instilled 0.2 g/kg silica into male and female C57BL/6 mice and examined the fibrotic and inflammatory response at 14 days postexposure. Both silica-exposed male and fema...

Chronic pulmonary diseases are more common in boys than in girls. Therefore, we investigated the differences in signs of sickness in male and female mice that were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by intranasal instillation. Because apoptosis is important in the resolution of inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that reduced levels of Bcl-2, a regulator of apoptosis, may play a role in gen...

Background: Implantation is proceeded by a process referred as adhesion. Adhesion requires maturation of endometrium and blastocyst to confer adherence ability to them. During IVF cycles, endometrial maturation is facilitated by progesterone administrating. Considering vasodilatory effect of Sildenafild, in genital organs, it appears that Sildenafil may have similar effect as progestrone. The a...

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BACKGROUND Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is used as an ingredient in a wide variety of coatings, resins, photosensitive materials, and superabsorbent baby diapers. We studied the effects of TMPTA on male and female rats and mice to identify potential toxic or cancer-related hazards. METHODS We applied solutions containing TMPTA in acetone on the backs of male and female rats and mice...

Hemophilia B is a leading target for gene therapy because current therapy is not optimal. Hence, a murine model of factor IX (F. IX) deficiency was generated to develop gene therapy strategies for hemophilia B. A targeting vector was created by replacing a 3.2-kb segment of the gene encompassing the catalytic domain with a phosphoglycerokinase promoter-driven neomycin resistant (neor) gene cass...

background: pregnancy is one of the changer agents for defensive cells, however it is unknown the effect of the ethanolic extract of the salvia officinalis on the uterine natural killer cells population in the pregnant mice that needs to be investigated. objective: the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of the salvia officinalis on the uterine natural killer ...

Sharma N, Li L, Ecelbarger CM. Sex differences in renal and metabolic responses to a high-fructose diet in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 308: F400–F410, 2015. First published December 23, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00403.2014.—High fructose intake has been associated with increased incidences of renal disease and hypertension, among other pathologies. Most fructose is cleared by the portal s...

Although critical for transducing seasonal information, melatonin has also been implicated in several physiological systems, as well as the regulation of behavioral and cognitive processes. Therefore, we investigated the neurobehavioral effects of mice missing the type 1 melatonin receptor (MT1). Male and female MT1 knockout (MT1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were tested in the acoustic startle/p...