Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is a pleuripotential cytokine with diverse biological effects, including the ability to influence the proliferation of normal cells or neoplastic epithelial cells. Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes that normally enter the peripheral tissues, particularly those beneath gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital epithelium, where they reside ...

background: the effect of psychosocial work environment on personal and organizational aspects of employees is well-known and it is of fundamental importance to have valid tools to evaluate them. this study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the persian version of copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (copsoq).   methods : the questionnaire was translated into persian and then bac...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent cytokine which regulates inflammation via the induction of adhesion molecules and chemokine expression. Its expression is known to be regulated in a complex manner with transcription, message turnover, message splicing, translation, and protein cleavage from the cell surface all being independently regulated. This study examined both cell line...

Hedge funds are in a better position than mutual funds in timing systematic risk factors because they are less regulated and thus have more freedom to use leverage and short sales. To examine whether factor timing is a source of hedge fund alpha, this paper decomposes excess return generated by hedge funds during 1994 – 2008 into security selection, factor timing, and risk premium using the new...

Thus the pathophysiology of allergic asthma is traditionally explained by mast celland/or Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation, which is a manifestation of the acquired immune response. On the other hand, recent studies have identified various other important molecules associated with phenotypes of asthma, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)[2, 3] , thymic stromal lymphoprotein [4, 5] , inte...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF, TNFSF2) is an important multifunctional cytokine that regulates inflammation, host defense, immune responses, and apoptosis. TNF exists as a membrane-bound 26kDa, type II integral membrane protein, and a 17kDa soluble homotrimeric TNF that is generated via proteolytic cleavage by TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE, ADAM17). Both the membrane-bound and soluble forms ...

The hyperlipidemia accompanying infection has been attributed to production of tumor necrosis factor. This cytokine inhibits adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, which could decrease clearance of lipoproteins. Infections also increase hepatic lipogenesis. We now have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates lipid synthesis in vivo. 2 h after administration of tumor necrosis factor...