The concentration-dependent actions of neostigmine, a carbamate anticholinesterase agent, were studied on the acetylcholine receptor channel complex in voltage-clamped twitch fibers of costocutaneous muscles of garter snakes. Low concentrations of neostigmine (10(-6) or 10(-5) M) increased miniature endplate current (MEPC) amplitude and the time constant of MEPC decay without changing the relat...

The active zone is a unique presynaptic membrane specialization that is believed to be the site of neurotransmitter release. To examine directly the relationship between active zone ultrastructure and synaptic efficacy, frog neuromuscular junctions were studied with a new technique combining electrophysiology, light microscopy, and freeze-fracture of identified single muscle fibers. This techni...

INTRODUCTION Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody fusion (TLIF), using interbody cages is a popular surgical method of treating various spinal disorders. In the past few years, various types of interbody cages have been introduced to spine surgeons. These interbody device and footprint sizes [1]. The footprint size of the interbody device is an important factor that determines the biomechanical stab...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective radiographic and chart review. OBJECTIVE To define the rate and associated risk factors of treatment failure of anterior cervical fusion for treatment of cervical facet dislocations. METHODS Between 2004 and 2014, a retrospective review at a single level 1 trauma center identified 38 patients with unilateral or bilateral dislocated facet(s) treated with anterior c...

We investigated the effects of mechanical strain on the progressive ankylosis (ANK) gene and extracellular nucleotide phosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP)1 mRNA expression and TGF-β1 protein expression in rat endplate chondrocytes in vitro. Endplate chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. Following identification with toluidine blue and immunocytochemical staining, chondrocytes were s...

This article provides a behaviour analysis of moment resisting joints with curved endplates. is new type connection that can be used for joining steel beams to the circular hollow section (CHS) columns by means bolts. Some researchers apply Eurocode model without considering differences in calculation schemes and assumptions, such as using general an equivalent T-stub tension. Consequently, man...