The usage of the radio spectrum for wireless communication is considered to be inefficient. Therefore, through cognitive radio, unlicensed users can occupy idle spectrum bands without interference with the primary user. Generally, when the arrival rate of licensed users is high, secondary users may starve. In this paper, we propose two models to improve the average total waiting time for the se...

BACKGROUND In kidney transplant (KT) recipients, CMV infection poses significant morbidity and mortality. Both prophylactic and pre-emptive approaches for preventing CMV infection have been utilized. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of routine prophylaxis vs. pre-emptive treatment for preventing CMV disease after KT. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing...

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) a. Regular Access Blood Flow (Qa) or Doppler ultrasound stenosis (DUS) screening increases the detection of AVG stenosis compared to dynamic venous pressure (DVP)/clinical examination. (Level II evidence) b. Regular Qa screening with pre-emptive angioplasty does not reduce AVG thrombosis or prolong AVG survival. (Level I & II evidence) c. Whether regular DUS screening ...

We investigate statistically the characteristics, functioning and incidence of pre-emptive patenting, defined as patent filings whose main effect is to hamper the grant of other patents. Patent applications can be used to prevent the grant of exclusive rights on markets and technologies to others in order to ensure freedom of operation to their holder or keep patent-less competitors out of the ...

Dear editor, A very interesting article has been published in your esteemed journal titled “Effect of pre-emptive intravenous paracetamol, magnesium sulfate, and lignocaine on hemodynamic variables during perioperative period pre-eclampsia patients scheduled for lower segment cesarean section under general anesthesia: prospective randomized study” by Kothari et al., (December 2022|Vol 13|Issue ...