Field and Scott Smith [Field, M., Scott Smith, B.H., 1999. Contrasting geology and near-surface emplacement of kimberlite pipes in southern Africa and Canada. Proc. 7th Int. Kimb. Conf. (Eds. Gurney et al.) 1, 214–237.] propose that kimberlite pipes can be grouped into three types or classes. Classical or Class 1 pipes are the only class with characteristic low temperature, diatreme-facies kimb...

Combining the Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection (C4D) technique and the principle of cross correlation flow measurement, a new method for flow rate measurement in millimeter-scale pipes was proposed. The research work included two parts. First, a new five-electrode C4D sensor was developed. Second, with two conductivity signals obtained by the developed sensor, the flow ra...

The paper sketches KURT, an autonomous robot platform prototype that is able to navigate inside a network of sewage pipes. KURT is a six-wheeled device; it has modular, layered hardware and control architectures. Its sensor connguration consists mostly of stationary and one exible ultrasound sensors and of two inclinometers. In experiments run in a test sewerage system consisting of concrete pi...

1. ABSTRACT It has been about fifty years ago since the first unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (uPVC) pipes were installed for use in gas distribution purposes. Currently, about 22,500 km of uPVC is still in use in the Dutch gas distribution network. The pipes were originally designed for a lifetime of 50 years, but due to positive experiences the question arises if (and how long) the lifetim...

Several experimental and numerical studies have shown that turbulent motions in circular pipe flow near transitional Reynolds numbers may not persist forever, but may decay. We study the properties of these decaying states within direct numerical simulations for Reynolds numbers up to 2200 and in pipes with lengths equal to 5, 9, and 15 times the diameter. We show that the choice of the ensembl...

In this paper we propose an empirical approach to quantify the hydrographs’ attenuation in sewers. The purpose is to evaluate attenuation’s consequences for the scale-transfer between the parcel and the catchment in urban settings, and in particular for stormwater source control (SC) regulation. In fact, SC regulation practices often consider this scale-transfer by a linear approach. We draw a ...

The oscillatory pressure disturbance created by the refrigerant flow through pipes and components is one of the main sources of noise in household refrigerators. This type of excitation is transferred to the pipes and the vibratory energy travels through the structure reaching the cabinet from which it radiates as sound energy. In order to obtain a better understanding of this type of noise a h...

System administrators use a variety of techniques to track down and repair (or avoid) problems that occur in the systems under their purview. Analyzing log files, cross-correlating events on different machines, establishing liveness and performance monitors, and automating configuration procedures are just a few of the approaches used to stave off entropy. These efforts are often stymied by the...

One of the most important requirements of repairing and maintaining of pipelines is the ability to monitor and evaluate the pipe’s interior. In this paper, a novel apparatus to traverse pipes is introduced. The mechanism employs three independent rubber track units which are circumferentially spaced out 120 degree apart symmetrically. The apparatus employs an active mode to adapt to a wide rang...

To enhance a root trait-based selection program for rain-fed wheat breeding in Afghanistan, we simulated an efficient pre-breeding drought system. Plants were grown in 1 m pipes as control or 2 m pipes to simulate drought conditions soaking ground water up by capillary action supplemented by two different life supporting irrigations from top of the pipes (T1 and T2 droughts). T1 was used for st...