where subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the upstream and downstream flow conditions, respectively; F Froude number; F=V / gd; d and V flow depth and velocity, respectively; and g=gravity acceleration. The hydraulic jump is typically classified in terms of its inflow Froude number F1=V1 / gd1, which must be greater than unity Bélanger 1828; Henderson 1966 . For F1 slightly above unity, the hydraulic j...

In this paper a Godunov-type projection method for computing approximate solutions of the zero Froude number (incompressible) shallow water equations is presented. It is second-order accurate and locally conserves height (mass) and momentum. To enforce the underlying divergence constraint on the velocity field, the predicted numerical fluxes, computed with a standard second order method for hyp...

Consideration is given to slow interfacial dynamics in a two-layer system of viscous fluids of comparable density. The fluid flow is governed by the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations where it is assumed that the inertial terms can be disregarded. A numerical methodology is presented which allows the study of the dynamics in the nonlinear regime. The numerical method is based on rewriting ...

A hydraulic jump is a flow singularity characterised by a significant amount of air entrainment in the shear zone. The air is entrapped at the jump toe that is a discontinuity between the impinging flow and the roller. The impingement point is a source of air bubbles, as well as a source of vorticity. Herein the convective transport of air bubbles in the jump roller is re-visited. Some analytic...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is known to undergo both reversible and irreversible thermal unfolding and refolding, depending upon the experimental conditions (end temperature) at neutral pH. In this report we have used high precision densimetric and ultrasonic measurements to determine the apparent specific volume (phi v) and compressibility (phi k) of HSA at different unfolded and refolded states...

Magnetic particles may be used to selectively attach and manipulate or transport targeted species to a desired location under the influence of an external magnetic field. By virtue of their size, magnetic nanoparticles are superparamagnetic, offering great potential in a variety of applications in their bare form or through coating with a surface coating and functional group chosen for a specif...