Urologists often insist on sterile urine before invasive outpatient urological procedures, and urine culture and antibiotics are usually given before cystoscopy or instillation of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, especially in patients who have positive urine cultures. Our experience suggests that cystoscopy and induction BCG therapy can be performed safely, even in patients with asymptom...

Three children aged 3-11 years had ultrasonography of the urinary tract for the investigation of dysuria and haematuria. A bladder mass was seen in these 3 children. One child had computed tomography scan, cystoscopy and bladder biopsy because rhabdomyosarcoma was considered. The biopsy revealed an inflammatory process. The urine culture of the other 2 children revealed E. coli. On ultrasonogra...

Cystoscopy is one of the most commonly performed urological procedures with purpose to inspect lower urinary tract anatomy and evaluation symptoms as well various pathologies urethra, prostate bladder. The procedure carried out by inserting an optical instrument (cytoscope) into urethra Currently, no antibiotic prophylaxis has been recommended for routine flexible cystoscopy, except in high ris...

Ureteral cavernous hemangiomas are an extremely rare, benign tumor. Most cavernous hemangiomas of ureter are diagnosed postoperatively by pathologic examination. A 39-year-old female patient presented with a bladder mass found incidentally by abdominal ultrasound. The patient underwent computed tomography, urine cytology, and cystoscopy. Cystoscopy showed 2 masses protruding from the right uret...

Modern urologic endoscopy is the result of continuous innovations since the early nineteenth century. White-light cystoscopy is the primary strategy for identification, resection, and local staging of bladder cancer. While highly effective, white light cystoscopy has several well-recognized shortcomings. Recent advances in optical imaging technologies and device miniaturization hold the potenti...

A 21-year-old male with a history of Down's syndrome presented with hematuria and right flank pain. Computed Tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis revealed right hydronephrosis and a right-sided pelvic vascular abnormality. Angiography revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) fed by the right superior and inferior vesical arteries and nephrostogram showed a long segment of obstructed distal...