This work presents for the first time to the best of our knowledge a comparative efficiency analysis among various techniques of extra-cavity second harmonic generation (SHG) of continuous-wave single-frequency radiation in nonperiodically poled nonlinear crystals within a broad range of power levels. Efficiency of nonlinear radiation transformation at powers from 1 W to 10 kW was studied in th...

Recently, we have parametrized Sutton-Chen type empirical many body force elds for FCC transition metals to study the thermodynamic, mechanical, transport and phase behavior of metals and their alloys. We have utilized these potentials in lattice dynamics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to describe the structure, thermodynamic, mechanical and transport properties of pure metals ...

The microstructure of multiphase steels assisted by transformation-induced plasticity consists of grains of retained austenite embedded in a ferrite-based matrix. Upon mechanical loading, retained austenite may transform into martensite, as a result of which plastic deformations are induced in the surrounding phases, i.e., the ferrite-based matrix and the untransformed austenite. In the present...

We study simply laminated microstructures of a martensitic crystal capable of undergoing a cubic to orthorhombic transformation of type P ! P 0 . The free energy density modeling such a crystal is minimized on six energy wells that are pairwise rank-one connected. We consider the energy minimization problem with Dirichlet boundary data compatible with an arbitrary but xed simple laminate. We rs...

High electric fields were delivered to specimens during imaging in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) chamber to reveal details of electric field-induced phenomena in ferroelectric oxides. These include the polarization switching in nanometer-sized ferroelectric domains and the grain boundary cavitation in a commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) polycrystalline ceramic, the domain wa...

Some of the most interesting, and technologically important solid–solid transformations are the 1rst order di2usionless transformations that occur in certain equiatomic, ordered, bi-atomic crystals. These displacive transformations include thermally-induced, reversible, proper martensitic transformations as seen in shape memory alloys such as NiTi (where group–subgroup relationships exist betwe...

Shape-memory alloys undergo a solid-to-solid phase transformation involving a change of crystal structure. We examine model problems in the scalar setting motivated by the situation when this transformation is induced by the application of stress in a polycrystalline material made of numerous grains of the same crystalline solid with varying orientations. We show that the onset of transformatio...

A screening of amorphous, heptahydrate, and tetrahydrate forms disodium guanosine 5′-monophosphate is investigated using an antisolvent crystallization process with the aim to selectively produce each solid form. The concentrations solution are monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy a calibration tool. Particle sizes particle counts measured elapsed time focal beam reflection measurement. Conc...

ticl4, ammonia, inorganic salts as raw material, nanometer composite-crystal tio2 powders were synthesized by two-step chemical method. precursors were crystallized with different phase and stable composite-crystal tio2 with anatase and rutile phase was prepared at low temperature. quantitative control of crystal phase was realized. remarkable factors including reaction ph value, reaction time,...