Dechent, P., P. J. W. Pouwels, B. Wilken, F. Hanefeld, and J. Frahm. Increase of total creatine in human brain after oral supplementation of creatine-monohydrate. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R698–R704, 1999.—The effect of oral creatine supplementation on brain metabolite concentrations was investigated in gray matter, white matter, cerebellum, and thalamus of...

Brain water diffusion in response to transient global ischemia (12 min), reperfusion (60 min), and cardiac arrest was monitored by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The trace of the apparent diffusion coefficient tensor (ADC(Av)) was determined at high temporal resolution (10 sec) to assess the putative neuroprotective potential of oral creatine (Cr) in rats that received 2.2 g ...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of creatine (Cr) loading on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue by monitoring electromyographic fatigue curves from the vastus lateralis muscle using the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWC(FT)) test. Using a double-blind random design, 15 women athletes [mean age 19.0 +/- 2.0 (SD) yr] from the university crew team...

Mitochondrial diseases (MD) with respiratory chain defects are caused by genetic mutations that determine an impairment of the electron transport chain functioning. Diagnosis often requires a complex approach with measurements of serum lactate, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), muscle histology and ultrastructure, enzymology, genetic analysis, and exercise testing. The ubiquitous distribut...

Background Nutritional supplements intended for consumption in proximity to resistance exercise are extremely popular among young males and athletes. Common components of these products include caffeine, creatine monohydrate, b-Alanine (BA), citrulline, L-arginine, branched chain amino acids (BCAA), and whey protein in proprietary blends. To date, there have been no investigations of the potent...

Muscle strength and fatigue resistance increases with resistance training. Resistance training adaptations can be enhanced with single-ingredient or dual-ingredient supplementation but less is known about resistance training adaptations by multi-ingredient supplementation. We examined the effects of a commercial multi-ingredient supplement on resistance training adaptations for training-specifi...

Mitochondrial cytopathies ultimately lead to a reduction in aerobic energy transduction, depletion of alternative energy stores, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis. Specific combinations of nutraceutical compounds can target many of the aforementioned biochemical pathways. Antioxidants combined with cofactors that can bypass specific electron transport chain defects and the prov...