Chen et al (Reports, 28 October 2016, p. 468) proposed that an interaction between Xist RNA and Lamin B receptor (LBR) is necessary and sufficient for Xist spreading during X-chromosome inactivation. We reanalyzed their data and found that reported genotypes of mutants are not supported by the sequencing data. These inconsistencies preclude assessment of the role of LBR in Xist spreading.

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is thought to play an important role in different pathological conditions of the human brain. Here we investigated the interaction between CSD and Ca2+ waves within the astrocyte population in slices from mouse neocortex (postnatal days 10-14). After local KCl ejection as a trigger for CSD, we recorded the propagation of Ca2+ increases within a large populati...

ALBERT EINSTEIN is sometimes credited with the dictum that no important new idea will be accepted unless at first it is thought crazy. Certainly none of the reviewers thought this of Dr. Bernice Grafstein’s paper in 1956 (4), in which she established the fundamentals of the mechanism of cortical spreading depression (CSD), but it seems there were “sharp differences of opinion” about her interpr...

Temporal patterns and selectivity in unitary responses of 100 single olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander to odor stimulation were investigated. An olfactometer which permitted control of stimulus concentration, duration, and flow rate was calibrated with a gas chromatograph. Stimulus pulses were monitored by recording the electroolfactogram from the surface of the olfactory epithelium. ...

One hundred epileptic patients were questioned about their headaches. Post-ictal headaches occurred in 51 of these patients and most commonly lasted 6-72 hours. Major seizures were more often associated with post-epileptic headaches than minor attacks. Nine patients in this series of 100 also had migraine: in eight of these nine a typical, albeit a mild, migraine attack was provoked by fits. Th...

We found novel types of parenchymal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals in the rat brain during large increases in metabolism. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a self-propagating wave of cellular activation, is associated with several pathologic conditions such as migraine and stroke. It was used as a paradigm to evoke transient neuronal depolarization leading to enhanced e...

A fully asynchronous random wireless channel access protocol and transmission system based on CDMA with random spreading, termed Random Packet CDMA [1, 2], is presented. We show that RP-CDMA has the potential to achieve the capacity of the wireless channel. Furthermore, a novel non-linear receiver termed Partitioned-Spreading (PS) is introduced, which allows for significantly higher system load...

The characteristic form and development of sensory disturbances during migraine auras suggests that the underlying mechanism is a disturbance of the cerebral cortex, probably the cortical spreading depression (CSD) of Leio. The demonstration of unique changes of brain blood flow during attacks of migraine with aura, which have been replicated in animal experiments during CSD, constitutes anothe...

Abstrad-The consolidation of an interhemispherically transferred avoidance response was studied using spreading depression to control transfer and consolidation times. Transmission of the learning required 3 min. The length of time following transfer when consolidation could be disturbed varied with the duration of spreading depression, from 3 min to 2 hr. The effect appears not to be due to di...

Boiling is a very efficient way to transfer heat from a heater to the liquid carrier. We discuss the boiling crisis, a transition between two regimes of boiling: nucleate and film boiling. The boiling crisis results in a sharp decrease in the heat transfer rate, which can cause a major accident in industrial heat exchangers. In this communication, we present a physical model of the boiling cris...