Oligopoly price discrimination in the retail market prevents a manufacturer from inducing optimal retail margins through any wholesale price. This motivates the manufacturer to impose resale price maintenance. In a model of third-degree price discrimination by rival retailers, a retail price ceiling (or floor) enables the manufacturer to restore the first best. Imposing a fixed retail price is ...

This report documents treatment and repair of three carious teeth that were restored with a new dental repair material that features the characteristics of both resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative cement (RMGI) and resin-based composite (RBC). The restorative products presented are reported by the manufacturer to be the first bioactive dental materials with an ionic resin matrix, a shock-a...

The main objective of the investigation was the determination of whether prestretching would decrease the rapid force loss of the elastic polymers. The results indicated that Alastik CK chains showed a significant decrease in force loss whereas the C2 chains were unaffected. Since overextending the chain to compensate for force loss during clinical placement could result in capillary bed ischem...

In this research, two risk hedging strategies, the option contract and the advance purchase discount contract, are investigated within a manufacturer–retailer two-echelon supply chain context. This study offers three contributions. First, the optimal decisions under the two contracts from the perspectives of both the manufacturer and the retailer are determined. Second, circumstances under whic...

We consider a newsvendor problem in a supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer is the Stackelberg leader and the retailer is the follower.We examine how themanufacturer can contract awholesale-price-only agreementwith its retailer thatmaximizes its profit.We also propose a returns policy with a wholesale-price-discount scheme (returns-discount contract) that...

This paper studies trading in a two-sided market where firms strategically form a network. In a networked market, manufacturers and suppliers must be connected by links for trading. We show that if no contingent contract is available, then any pairwise Nash stable network is inefficient. Each supplier under-invests in links (a hold-up problem). If a contract contingent on direct links is availa...

This research studies a case where there are two manufacturers producing competing products and selling them through a common retailer. The consumer demand depends on two factors: (1) retail price, and (2) service level provided by the manufacturer. Game-theoretic framework is applied to obtained the equilibrium solutions for every entities. This article studies and compares results from three ...

We study a supply chain in which a consumer goods manufacturer sells its product through a retailer. The retailer undertakes promotional expenditures, such as advertising, to increase sales and to compete against other retailer(s). The manufacturer supports the retailer’s promotional expenditure through a cooperative advertising program by reimbursing a portion (called the subsidy rate) of the ...

The analysis in Chen, Kaya and Özer (2006) (henceforth, “the paper”) assumes that the manufacturer already has dual sales channels: a direct online channel, and an independent bricks-and-mortar retail channel. In this section, we study two single channel scenarios, and compare their results with the dual channel scenario results of the paper. First, we consider a manufacturer who sells only thr...

In spite of the fact that many durable products are sold through dealers, the literature has largely ignored the issue of how product durability affects the interactions between a manufacturer and her dealer(s). We seek to fill this gap by considering a durable goods manufacturer that uses an independent dealer(s) to get her product to consumers. If the manufacturer sells her product to the dea...