Clostridium difficile contains many integrated and extrachromosomal genetic elements. In this study, we determined, annotated, and analyzed the complete genome of the C. difficile bacteriophage phiCDIF1296T using single-molecule real-time sequencing technology. To our knowledge, this represents the largest genome (131 kb) of a temperate C. difficile phage recognized so far.

background and objectives: clostridium perfringens is more prevalent type of clostridia genus isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich ( struthio camelus ). necrotic enteritis (ne) is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal (gi) disease of poultry and other avian species, which produces marked destruction of intestinal lining in digestive tract caused by c. perfringens . pathogenicity and les...

background : clostridium perfringens type c strains cause severe necrotizing enteritis in sheep, calves, goats, pigs and humans. beta-toxin is introduced to be the essential virulence factor of this microorganism. in the present study, a new method was established for the purification of beta toxin from culture supernatant fluid of c. perfringens type c vaccinal strain. methods : the four steps...

We describe a case of osteitis caused by a new and unusual Clostridium species, Clostridium amygdalinum, an environmental, moderately thermophilic bacterium. This is the first documented report of human infection caused by this organism.

Solventogenic Clostridium species are motile Gram positive anaerobic bacteria used for the fermentative production of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE). The addition of CaCO3 to semi-defined P2 medium was investigated to evaluate its impact on growth, amelioration of butanol toxicity, glucose utilization, and ABE production by solventogenic Clostridium species. Two Clostridium species commonly used...

The Clostridium genus is a large, diverse group consisting of Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic firmicutes. Among this group are historically notorious pathogens as well as several industrially relevant species with the ability to produce chemical commodities, particularly biofuels, from renewable biomass. Additionally, other species are studied for their potential use as therape...

We report the draft genome sequence of Clostridium botulinum strain 277-00, which encodes a botulinum neurotoxin B2 associated with a ha gene locus. Strain 277-00 was isolated from a cheese responsible for an outbreak of botulism in Iran in 1997. This strain is closed to the bivalent B2/FA strain IBCA10-7060.

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is a pathogen of rapidly increasing public health importance. An estimated quarter of a million Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) occur in the United States annually, at a resultant cost of 14,000 deaths and 1 billion dollars. Clostridium difficile related deaths have risen 400% over the last decade, and current standard antibiotic treatments are only 75 to...

Sporulation is an important strategy for certain bacterial species within the phylum Firmicutes to survive longer periods of time in adverse conditions. All spore-forming bacteria have two phases in their life; the vegetative form, where they can maintain all metabolic activities and replicate to increase numbers, and the spore form, where no metabolic activities exist. Although many essential ...