OBJECTIVES To determine the long-term effects of unfiltered coffee consumption on the activity levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and to assess a possible role of CETP activity levels in the rise in serum LDL cholesterol. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN Forty-six healthy normolipidaemic subjects consume...

OBJECTIVES To study the impact of lopinavir/ritonavir-containing therapy on plasma lipids and body fat of HIV-infected adults and to assess whether lopinavir plasma levels at steady state are correlated with plasma lipids and body fat after 24 weeks. METHODS Patients had their antiretroviral therapy switched to an antiretroviral regimen containing lopinavir/ritonavir plus one or two non-thymi...

OBJECTIVE Cholesterol efflux from macrophages in the artery wall, a key cardioprotective mechanism, is largely coordinated by the nuclear oxysterol-activated liver X receptor, LXRalpha. We investigated the effect of statins on LXR target gene expression and cholesterol efflux from human macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS In human macrophages (THP-1 cell line and primary cells), the archetypal s...

Zymosterol (5 alpha-cholesta-8(9),24-dien-3 beta-ol) comprised a negligible fraction of the mass of sterol in cultured human fibroblasts but was well labeled biosynthetically with radioactive acetate. Treatment of cells with triparanol, a potent inhibitor of sterol delta 24-reductase, led to a marked increase in labeled zymosterol while its mass rose to 1 mol% of total sterol. All of this stero...

background: it has been established that hyperlipidemia increases the  incidence and mortality associated with coronary heart disease. in this study, the effects of dill (anethum graveolens) were evaluated on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic patients. materials and methods: in this clinical study, 91 hyperlipidemic patients were randomly designated into two groups. one group received gemfi...

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BACKGROUND Dysregulation of plasma lipoprotein levels may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. Recently, angiopoietin-like protein 4, also known as fasting-induced adipose factor Fiaf, was uncovered as a novel modulator of plasma lipoprotein metabolism. Here we take advantage of the fasting-dependent phenotype of Angptl4-transgenic (Angptl4-Tg) mice to better characterize the metabolic functi...

This study assessed the efficacy and safety of avasimibe (CI-1011), an inhibitor of acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in subjects with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Twenty seven subjects were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, 3-sequence crossover trial of atorvastatin 80 mg QD, avasimibe 750 mg QD, and the combined treatment of atorvastatin 80 mg QD and...

The acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) reaction in macrophages is a critical step in atherosclerotic foam cell formation, but little is known about the reaction's sterol substrate specificity. In this report we examine the macrophage ACAT reactivity of the shellfish sterol, desmosterol, and other sterols found in man because of shellfish ingestion or in association with the foam cell...

Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of physical exercise on effects of the daily intake of vegetarian diet of either vegetable hydrogenated fat (HF) or peanut oil (PO) with or without carnitine on the lipid profile. Eight groups of male Wistar rats were fed HF-diet (4 groups) or PO-diet (4 groups), with or without carnitine for 24 weeks. One group for each diet acted as sedentary...