Smoking is the most common route of administration for cannabis; however, vaping cannabis extracts and synthetic cannabinoids ("fake marijuana") in electronic cigarette devices has become increasingly popular. Yet, most animal models used to investigate biological mechanisms underlying cannabis use employ injection as the route of administration. This study evaluated a novel e-cigarette device ...

The development of methods to improve drug delivery for use in life-threatening diseases such as cancer and viral infections is urgently needed. Some drugs that have a system the central nervous are mostly into active targeted delivery. related human which complex, highly specialized interconnected network nerves. functions include: coordinating, interpreting controlling interaction between ind...

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a newly designed circular ring compression device that allows safe and effective glue injection during preoperative embolization of high-flow superficial craniofacial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The device was used in 4 cases of craniofacial AVM with multiple feeding arteries and draining veins. It provided a safe glue in...

Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), an effective countermeasure against anthrax, is administered as six subcutaneous (SQ) doses over 18 months. To optimize the vaccination schedule and route of administration, we performed a prospective pilot study comparing the use of fewer AVA doses administered intramuscularly (IM) or SQ with the current schedule and route. We enrolled 173 volunteers, randomized...

This paper reviews the experimental synthesis and engineering developments that focused on various green approaches and large-scale process production routes for quantum dots. Fundamental process engineering principles were illustrated. In relation to the small-scale hot injection method, our discussions focus on the non-injection route that could be scaled up with engineering stir-tank reactor...

BACKGROUND Recent reports demonstrated that intravenous route, as a minimally invasive method and similar to direct injection, is suitable for bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation. In this study, we made a comparison of intraspinal and intravenous route of BMSC administration to repair injured spinal cord tissue. METHODS Six groups of adult female rats were used in this study. Lami...

Rabies is a virtually 100% fatal acute viral encephalitis. Rabies occurs in more than 150 countries and territories. Globally there are 17.4 million animal bite cases and more than 55,000 deaths annually. India's 20,000 deaths accounts for 36% of global and 65% of the Asian (31,000) deaths. The Intradermal Rabies Vaccine (IDRV) was first started in Thailand in 1984. In 1992, World Health Organi...

hemiscorpius lepturus is the most dangerous scorpion species, endemic in khuzestan province and other southwestern areas of iran, causing morbidity and mortality in children and adults. the efficacy of the antivenom for reversal of manifestation caused by venom of this scorpion is a controversial issue. in the present work, h. lepturus venom (1500 µg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into two ...

acidic polypeptide (molecular weight approximately 6900 Da), is one of the most potent inhibitors of thrombin and has proven to have outstanding anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. Compared with other anticoagulant agents such as heparin, rHV possesses many advantages on safety, antigenicity and toxicity. Now rHV has been using for prophylaxis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocy...

Sterilizing immunity is a unique immune status, which prevents effective virus infection into the host. It is different from the immunity that allows infection but with subsequent successful eradication of the virus. Pre-infection induces sterilizing immunity to homologous influenza virus challenge in ferret. In our antigen-specific experimental system, mice pre-infected with PR8 influenza viru...