Upon contact with water, under a variety of conditions, C60 spontaneously forms a stable aggregate with nanoscale dimensions (d = 25-500 nm), termed here "nano-C60". The color, hydrophobicity, and reactivity of individual C60 are substantially altered in this aggregate form. Herein, we provide conclusive lines of evidence demonstrating that in solution these aggregates are crystalline in order ...

Electron spin resonance and ab initio electronic structure calculations show an intricate relation between molecular rotation and chemical bonding in the dilute solid solution. The unpaired electron of C59N is delocalized over several C60 molecules above 700 K, while at lower temperatures it remains localized within short range. The data suggest that below 350 K rigid C59N-C60 heterodimers are ...

The first synthesis of endohedral fullerene containing molecular hydrogen, H2@C60, is briefly summarized. The synthesis was conducted according to what we call the ‘molecular surgical method’, that is, opening a hole on a C60 surface, enlargement of the hole, insertion of a guest species and enclosure of the hole without loss of the encapsulated guest. The entire process involves three chemical...

In the supramolecular complex H2@C60, the lightest of molecules, H2, is encapsulated inside the most highly symmetric molecule C60. The elegance and apparent simplicity of H2@C60 conceal highly intricate quantum dynamics of the coupled translational and rotational motions of the guest molecule in a nearly spherical nanoscale cavity, which embodies some of the most fundamental concepts of quantu...

The adsorption geometry of various gases on top of a C60 monolayer is investigated. The potential energy experienced by an adsorbate atom in the vicinity of a C60 molecule consists of Lennard-Jones interactions integrated over the spherical surface of the molecule. The adsorption potential exhibits strongly attractive sites which lead to a commensurate phase. The next adsorption sites are assum...

A novel immobilized fullerene–single wall carbon nanotube (C60–SWCNT) complex was synthesized via a microwave induced functionalization approach. It has been used as a component of the photoactive layer in a bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell. As compared to a control device with only C60, the addition of SWCNTs resulted in an improvement of both the short circuit current density JSC and the...

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the self-assembly of C60 molecules functionalized with long alkane chains on the (111) surface of silver. We find that the conformation of the functionalized C60 changes upon adsorption on Ag(111) and that the unit cell size in the self-assembled monolayer is determined by the interactions between the functional groups. We show that C6...

We have measured the bimolecular contribution (relaxivity) R1 (M(-1) s(-1)) to the spin-lattice relaxation rate for the protons of H2 and H2@C60 dissolved in organic solvents in the presence of paramagnet nitroxide radicals. It is found that the relaxation effect of the paramagnets is enhanced 5-fold in H2@C60 compared to H2 under the same conditions. 13C relaxivity in C60 induced by nitroxide ...

In this work, a double-buffer film of TiOx coated with CsOx (TiOx/CsOx) was solution prepared to be applied in poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA) and P3HT:[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). Compared with TiOx films and CsOx films, the TiOx/CsOx double-buffer film exhibited a favorable energy-level alignment among TiOx, CsO...

The synthesis of azafullerene C59N is realized through a nitrogen plasma irradiation method, which is confirmed by the analysis of mass spectroscopy. A plasma consisting of a fullerene negative ion C60 and the azafullerene positive ion C59N��C60-C59N plasma��is generated by means of an electron beam ionization. C60 and C59N ions are selectively irradiated to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT...