The phylogenetic relationships of twelve species of Chauliognathus were investigated by studying the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. A 678 bp fragment of the COI gene was sequenced to test the hypothesis that the Müllerian mimicry species of the “yellow-black” complex make up a monophyletic clade, separated from species with other colour patterns. The data set was analysed by neighbour...

Yeast belonging to the genera Brettanom}'ces and Dekkera are noted for spoiling cellar and bottled wine through the production of haze, turbidity and acetic acid. However, I was unable to find information on the use of these yeasts for the expressed purpose of acetic acid production. Sixty yeast strains belonging to these, and several other genera, from the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL, w...

OBJECTIVE We studied how glucose and ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel modulators affect alpha-cell [Ca(2+)](c). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GYY mice (expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein in alpha-cells) and NMRI mice were used. [Ca(2+)](c), the K(ATP) current (I(KATP), perforated mode) and cell metabolism [NAD(P)H fluorescence] were monitored in single alpha-cells and, for compar...

Replacement of halide from N-(haloboryl)formamidines for the weakly coordinating anion [B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-), using [Et(3)Si(toluene)](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-), induces a ring closure leading to the cationic four-pi-electron four-membered heterocycles [HC(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl)(2)BR](+) [R = N(i-Pr)(2), Ph]. Subsequent deprotonation of the B-amino derivative affords the corresponding N-heterocycli...

We completed a new and efficient synthesis of D-chalcose (I) and the first synthesis of its C-3 epimer (I') in nine steps with overall yields of 23% and 24%, respectively. The key steps in the sequence were the formation of the stereocenter on C3 via Grignard reaction, the introduction of the stereogenic center on C2 by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, the protection of the C1 and C2 hydro...

Many members of the tribe Cardueae are invasive weeds, including yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.), one of the most important weeds in the Western United States. We examined the root crowns and stems of yellow starthistle and related plants growing in five countries (Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Greece, Russia, and Turkey) where yellow starthistle is native. In its native range, t...

1. The isolation and properties of roseins I and II from the mycelium ofTrichothecium rogeum and of rosein III from the culture filtrate are described. 2. Rosein I, colourless tetrahedra, m.p. 2100, [oc]4112-5 in chloroform (c, 1) has the molecular formula C019H2603. It is a neutral ketone, which reacted with one equivalent of hot ethanolic alkali and yielded a lactone, i8orosein I, m.p. 144°, ...

Persistent infection of mouse neuroblastoma NB41A3 cells with yellow fever 17D virus generates viral variants which exhibit defective cell penetration, poor cell-to-cell spread, small plaque size and reduced growth efficiency, caused by substitution of glycine for aspartic acid or glutamic acid at positions 360 and 362 in the envelope protein. These positions occur within a charge cluster, Asp3...

marble wares found in excavations in jirof and shahr-i sokhta were analyzed by xrf and xrf and examined based on petrographic tests in order to reveal the structural differences. samples of jiroft are mainly yellow in color with scattered yellow veins, while those of the shahr-i sokhta are quite different in form and have colorful veins ranging from yellow to brown. the present study aimed main...